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The occupational safety document for operating a Piling and Drilling Rig machine provides detailed and important guidance on the necessary safety measures when using the equipment. This document focuses on ensuring the safety of personnel performing tasks related to the operation and use of the drilling machine, helping to minimize the risk of accidents and effectively protect the health of employees.

Table of Contents

PART I: CURRENT STATE OF SAFETY FOR WORK INVOLVING PLASTERING PUMPS

I. General Situation

The Ministry of Labour, Invalids and Social Affairs informs sectors and localities of the occupational accident situation in the first 6 months of 2024 and outlines key solutions to proactively prevent incidents and accidents in the last 6 months of 2024. According to reports from 61 out of 63 centrally governed provinces and cities, in the first 6 months of 2024, there were a total of 3,201 occupational accidents nationwide (a decrease of 227 cases, equivalent to 7.09% compared to the same period in 2023), resulting in 3,065 victims (a decrease of 197 people, equivalent to 6.04% compared to the first 6 months of 2023), including both employees under labor contracts and those working without labor contracts. Specifically:

Number of fatal occupational accidents: 320 cases, a decrease of 25 cases (7.25%) compared to the first 6 months of 2023 (including 245 cases in areas with labor relations, a decrease of 28 cases or 10.3%; and 75 cases in areas without labor contracts, an increase of 3 cases or 4.2% compared to the first 6 months of 2023);
Number of deaths due to occupational accidents: 346 people, a decrease of 7 people or 1.98% compared to the same period in 2023 (including 268 in areas with labor relations, a decrease of 13 people or 4.63%; and 78 in areas without labor contracts, an increase of 6 people or 8.33%).
Number of people seriously injured: 810 people, an increase of 26 people or 3.32% compared to the first 6 months of 2023 (including 710 in areas with labor relations, a decrease of 5 people or 0.7%; and 100 in areas without labor contracts, an increase of 31 people or 44.92%).

Download the PDF file Occupational Accident Report – First 6 Months of 2024 issued by the Ministry of Labour, Invalids and Social Affairs.

The occupational accident situation in the first 6 months of 2024 in both sectors with and without labor relations saw a decrease in the number of deaths and fatal accidents compared to the same period in 2023.

II. Some Occupational Accidents While Operating a Plastering Pump

In the construction industry, the use of a plastering pump is an important part of the construction process. However, the use of this machine also holds many potential risks of occupational accidents if safety measures are not followed. Below are some common occupational accidents that occur when operating a plastering pump:

Collisions and Impacts: Due to the large size and heavy weight of the plastering pump, collisions and impacts can occur, especially when moving the machine or during the construction process. These collisions can cause serious injury to workers or damage to the machine.
Risks from Sprayed Material: During operation, the sprayed plaster material can be ejected forcefully and uncontrollably, posing a danger to those nearby. This material can cause injuries, stinging sensations, or serious damage to the skin and eyes upon direct contact.
Risk of Explosion or Failure: Plastering pumps often operate at high pressure to push the material out. If the pressure is not controlled or a technical failure occurs, there is a risk of the machine exploding or failing, endangering workers and the surrounding environment.
Risk of Electric Shock: During operation, the plastering pump may come into contact with unsafe power sources or electrical wires, creating a risk of electric shock and damaging the equipment, and can even be fatal to the user.
Noise Hazard: Plastering pumps typically operate at high noise levels, which can affect workers’ hearing. Long-term exposure to loud noise can lead to hearing problems and mental health issues.

To minimize the risk of occupational accidents when operating a plastering pump, construction sites must adhere to safety measures such as training employees on the proper use of the machine, providing personal protective equipment, regularly inspecting and maintaining the machine, and complying with occupational safety regulations.

PART II: OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH WHEN OPERATING A PLASTERING PUMP

I. Introduction

A. Overview of the Importance of Occupational Safety When Operating a Plastering Pump

Occupational safety when operating a plastering pump is a critical factor that cannot be overlooked in the construction industry. Adhering to safety regulations and measures not only protects the health and lives of workers but also helps to increase work efficiency and quality.

When using a plastering pump, risks of occupational accidents such as collisions, impacts, explosion/failure, electric shock, and hazards from the sprayed material are always present. Applying safety measures such as training employees on the correct use of the machine, providing personal protective equipment, and performing regular machine inspections and maintenance are all important measures to minimize risk.

Furthermore, strengthening occupational safety awareness among both workers and management plays a crucial role in creating a safe and positive work environment. A focus on occupational safety is not only a legal obligation but also the foundation for the sustainable development of the business and the construction industry.

B. Important Safety Protocols and Regulations When Operating a Plastering Pump

To ensure occupational safety when operating a plastering pump, adherence to safety protocols and regulations is extremely important. Among these regulations, training employees on the proper use of the machine is a key point. Employees must be trained on how to adjust the pressure and flow rate of the spray material, how to inspect and maintain the machine periodically, and how to handle emergency situations.

Additionally, providing personal protective equipment is a crucial step to protect workers from the dangers of the sprayed material and other hazards. Protective equipment such as safety glasses, respirators, protective gloves, and puncture-resistant boots must be used correctly and be readily available during work.

Moreover, compliance with occupational safety regulations such as periodic inspection of machinery and equipment, monitoring the work environment, and implementing accident prevention measures is essential. Organizations and individuals are responsible for providing a safe working environment and ensuring that all regulations are fully complied with.

II. Components and Functions of a Plastering Pump

A. The Different Components of a Plastering Pump

Liquid Pump: This is the main component of the machine, usually powered by an electric or gasoline motor. The liquid pump creates the necessary pressure to push the plaster material through the spray hose and out.
Hose and Nozzle System: This system includes the hose and spray nozzle, used to direct the liquid from the pump to the desired location and spray it out evenly and accurately.
Material Hopper: This is where the plaster or liquid to be sprayed is held. It is often designed to be mobile for easy movement and material loading.
Control and Measurement Unit: Some plastering pumps have control units to adjust the pressure, flow rate, and spray direction of the liquid. Measurement devices may include sensors to measure the amount of material used and ensure accuracy during the construction process.
Frame and Wheels: The machine frame is usually made of a sturdy material like steel to ensure stability and safety during operation. Wheels are attached for easy movement of the machine between construction sites.

B. Structure and Operating Principle of a Plastering Pump

A plastering pump usually has a complex structure but operates on a simple principle. Typically, the machine consists of a liquid pump, a hose and nozzle system, a material hopper, a control unit, and a frame.

The operating principle of a plastering pump is based on using pressure to push the plaster liquid from the hopper through the hose and nozzle system. The liquid pump generates the necessary pressure to push the liquid through the hose and nozzle forcefully and evenly. The control system can be used to adjust the pressure and flow rate of the sprayed material depending on the job requirements.

When the machine is activated, the plaster liquid is drawn from the hopper and pumped through the hose to the nozzle. At the nozzle, the liquid is sprayed out under high pressure, creating a fine and even stream of liquid to be applied to the surface.

C. Applications in the Construction Industry of a Plastering Pump

Plastering Walls and Ceilings: Plastering pumps are used to spray plaster onto walls and ceilings quickly and evenly. This helps to increase accuracy and speed up the construction process compared to the traditional method of using a hand trowel.
Plastering on Flat and Uneven Surfaces: Plastering pumps can be used on both flat and uneven surfaces such as concrete, brick walls, or surfaces with complex shapes. This makes the machine a flexible and versatile tool in application.
Repair and Renovation: Plastering pumps are also used in repair and renovation work, helping to restore degraded surfaces quickly and more efficiently.
Creating Artistic and Architectural Works: Plastering pumps are not only used in regular construction projects but also in creating unique artistic and architectural works such as statues, decorative walls, and other decorative pieces.

D. Risks Associated with Operating a Plastering Pump

Risk of Collision and Impact: Due to the machine’s large size and heavy weight, the risk of collision and impact can occur, especially during movement or when operating the machine near other construction materials.
Risk from Sprayed Material: The plaster liquid sprayed from the machine can be hazardous if it comes into direct contact with a worker’s skin or eyes. The risk of stinging, redness, and dermatitis are common issues when personal protective equipment is not used.
Risk of Explosion or Failure: Plastering pumps often operate at high pressure, which can pose a risk of explosion or failure if the pressure is not controlled or if the machine experiences a technical malfunction.

*Risk of Electric Shock: Plastering pumps often come into contact with power sources or electrical wires, posing a risk of electric shock if the work environment is not controlled.

Risk from Noise: Plastering pumps often generate loud noise, which can be harmful to hearing if workers do not use hearing protection.

III. Safety Inspection and Maintenance Before Operating a Plastering Pump

A. Pre-Operation Safety Check for a Plastering Pump

Overall Machine Inspection: Ensure that no part of the machine is damaged or missing, check that all parts are functioning normally and there are no signs of failure.
Electrical System Check: Ensure that electrical cords and outlets are not damaged and are in a safe condition for use. Check switches and controls to ensure they are working correctly.
Pressure System Check: Check the pump’s pressure and ensure it does not exceed the recommended safe level. Identify high-pressure areas and ensure they are guarded to prevent accidents.
Spray System Check: Check hoses and nozzles to ensure they are not clogged or damaged. Ensure that the position of the nozzles is adjusted correctly to ensure even distribution of the liquid.
Personal Protective Equipment Check: Ensure that all workers near the machine are fully equipped with personal protective equipment such as respirators, safety glasses, gloves, and puncture-resistant boots.

B. Guide to Periodic Maintenance of a Plastering Pump

Inspect and Clean Components: Inspect machine components such as the pump, hoses, and nozzles for any signs of damage or dirt buildup. Clean these parts using appropriate tools and non-harmful cleaning agents.
Change Oil and Service the Pump: Change the oil and perform maintenance on the pump according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Ensure that the correct type and amount of oil are used to guarantee optimal pump performance.
Check the Pressure System: Check and calibrate the machine’s pressure system to ensure the pressure is correct and does not exceed the recommended safe level.
Inspect and Replace Worn Parts: Inspect components such as hoses, nozzles, and other accessories to determine if they need replacement. Replace damaged parts immediately to ensure the safety and performance of the machine.
Safety Check: Check safety components like switches and controls to ensure they are functioning correctly and do not pose a risk to workers.

IV. Safe Operating Procedure for a Plastering Pump

A. Step-by-Step Guide to Safely Operating a Plastering Pump

Ensure Safety Preparation: Before starting the machine, ensure that all workers have been trained on its use and are fully equipped with personal protective equipment such as respirators, safety glasses, gloves, and puncture-resistant boots.
Inspect the Machine: Conduct an overall inspection of the machine to ensure there are no safety or operational issues. Make sure all parts are working correctly and are not damaged.
Check the Pressure: Check and adjust the pump’s pressure to ensure it is within a safe range and does not exceed the recommended level.
Check the Spray System: Inspect and clean the hoses and nozzles to ensure they are not clogged or damaged. Ensure the nozzle positions are adjusted correctly for even liquid distribution.
Start the Machine: Start the machine according to the manufacturer’s instructions and check if it is operating correctly. Monitor the machine’s operating indicators to ensure it is running stably and safely.

B. Emergency Measures and Incident Response Mechanisms When Operating a Plastering Pump

Stop the Machine Immediately: In case of any sign of a problem or danger, the operator should stop the machine immediately to prevent the situation from worsening.
Protect Yourself: When an incident occurs, workers must protect themselves by moving away from the hazardous area and ensuring they are wearing full personal protective equipment.

*Call for Help: In case of a serious incident, the operator should call the fire department or relevant authorities for assistance.

Investigate and Repair the Fault: After ensuring everyone’s safety, the operator can proceed to investigate and repair the fault if possible, or contact the manufacturer or a professional technical service for support.
Review and Learn: After handling the incident, it is important to review the situation to understand the cause and learn from the experience to improve operating procedures and prevent future recurrences.

V. Risk Assessment and Hazard Management When Operating a Plastering Pump

A. Identifying Potential Risks and Hazards in Operating a Plastering Pump

Risk of Collision and Impact: Due to the machine’s large size and heavy weight, there is a risk of collision and impact when moving or operating the machine near other construction materials or other workers.
Risk from Sprayed Material: The plaster liquid sprayed from the machine can be hazardous if it comes into direct contact with a worker’s skin or eyes. This can cause issues such as stinging, redness, and dermatitis.
Risk of Explosion or Failure: Plastering pumps often operate at high pressure, posing a risk of explosion or failure if the pressure is not controlled or if the machine experiences a technical malfunction.

*Risk of Electric Shock: Plastering pumps often come into contact with power sources or electrical wires, posing a risk of electric shock if the work environment is not controlled.

Risk from Noise: Plastering pumps often generate loud noise, which can be harmful to hearing if workers do not use hearing protection.

B. Effective Hazard Prevention Strategies When Operating a Plastering Pump

1. Regular Inspection and Maintenance of the Plastering Pump for Safe Operation

Overall Machine Inspection: Perform an overall inspection to identify any signs of damage or wear. Ensure all parts are functioning normally and do not require repair.
Electrical System Check: Inspect electrical cords, plugs, and other electrical components to ensure they are not damaged or show signs of wear or breakage. Replace damaged parts and fix any issues before continuing to use the machine.
Pressure System Check: Check and calibrate the machine’s pressure system to ensure the pressure is correct and does not exceed the recommended safe level.
Spray System Check: Inspect hoses and nozzles to ensure they are not clogged or damaged. Ensure the nozzle positions are adjusted correctly for even liquid distribution.

2. Adhere to Occupational Safety Regulations for Safe Operation of a Plastering Pump

Training and Instruction: Ensure all employees are trained and instructed on the safe and effective use of the plastering pump. This includes training on operating procedures, safety regulations, and how to handle emergencies.
Use of Protective Equipment: Require all workers to use full personal protective equipment such as respirators, safety glasses, gloves, and puncture-resistant boots when operating the machine.
Regular Inspections: Conduct regular inspections and maintenance on the plastering pump to ensure it operates safely and effectively.
Follow User Manuals: Always follow the user manual from the manufacturer and safety guidelines provided by the site manager. Ensure all regulations and instructions are followed correctly.
Report Incidents: Immediately report any incident or accident that occurs during the operation of the plastering pump for timely corrective measures and to prevent recurrence.

3. Identify and Mark Safe Zones When Operating a Plastering Pump

Machine Operating Zone: Mark the operating zone of the plastering pump so workers know where the hazardous area is and should stay clear when the machine is in operation.
Hazard Zone from Plaster Liquid: Identify and mark areas where the plaster liquid may be sprayed, especially high-pressure zones. These areas need to be protected so workers do not come into direct contact and avoid the risk of injury.
Restricted Access Zone: Identify and mark restricted access areas, such as where machine parts are operating, so that workers do not enter that area without permission or special training.
Safe Passage Zone: Mark safe walkways and zones for people passing through the work area, ensuring they are not endangered by the machine’s operation.

4. Use Personal Protective Equipment When Operating a Plastering Pump

Respirator: Use a respirator to protect the respiratory tract from inhaling dust particles and chemicals in the plaster liquid sprayed from the machine.
Safety Goggles: Wear safety goggles to protect the eyes from dust particles and plaster liquid that may be sprayed from the machine, and to prevent accidents that could cause eye injury.
Protective Gloves: Use protective gloves to protect hands from direct contact with the plaster liquid and machine parts that could cause injury or pain.
High-Visibility Vest: Wear a high-visibility vest to increase visibility and reduce the risk of collision with other moving vehicles in the work area.
Safety Boots: Use safety boots with puncture-resistant and anti-slip soles to protect feet from injury when moving and working around the machine.

5. Emergency Procedures and Response in Case of an Incident When Operating a Plastering Pump

Stop the Machine Immediately: In case of any sign of a problem, the operator must stop the machine immediately to prevent the situation from worsening.
Protect Yourself and Other Workers: The operator and other workers must protect themselves by moving out of the hazardous area and ensuring they are wearing full personal protective equipment.
Call for Help: In case of a serious incident, the operator should call the fire department or relevant authorities for assistance.
Investigate and Repair the Fault: After ensuring everyone’s safety, the operator can proceed to investigate and repair the fault if possible, or contact the manufacturer or a professional technical service for support.
Review and Learn: After handling the incident, it is important to review the situation to understand the cause and learn from the experience to improve operating procedures and prevent future recurrences.

6. Participate in Occupational Safety Courses for Operating a Plastering Pump

Occupational safety and health training is not only a legal requirement but also a commitment to the safety and health of workers. It helps employees recognize and respond to hazards and dangerous situations, thereby reducing accidents, injuries, or fatalities in their daily work.

The risk of accidents is always present and can occur at any time in the work environment due to the possibility of human error and the inability to foresee every situation. This emphasizes the need for occupational safety training and constant vigilance.

When participating in occupational safety training at Nam Viet Safety Center, workers will receive systematic training from theory to real-life risk scenarios. Accordingly, there will be measures to identify and prevent occupational accident risks that may occur during work. After the training course, trainees will take safety tests to obtain an occupational safety certificate. From there, workers will have a clear understanding of safety knowledge as well as a valid certification for employment.

VI. Factors Affecting Occupational Safety When Operating a Plastering Pump

A. How Weather Conditions Affect the Operation of a Plastering Pump

Temperature: High temperatures can increase the risk of sediment buildup in the mixing tank and cause the plaster liquid to dry quickly when sprayed, leading to blockages in the hose system. Meanwhile, low temperatures can cause the plaster liquid to harden quickly, causing clogs in the hose system and reducing the machine’s efficiency.
Humidity: High humidity can increase the viscosity of the plaster liquid and cause problems such as difficulty in distribution and accurate spraying. In dry weather conditions, cracking and difficulty in adhesion of the plaster layer to the surface may be encountered.
Rain and Wind: Rain and wind can reduce visibility and increase the risk of slips and falls, creating danger for workers during machine operation. In addition, rain can also dilute the plaster liquid and reduce the quality of the sprayed plaster layer.
Adhesion: Some weather conditions such as humidity, temperature, and air moisture can affect the adhesion of the plaster liquid to the building surface, affecting the quality of the finished work.

B. How the Work Environment Affects the Operation of a Plastering Pump

Workspace: A narrow and confined work environment can restrict the movement of the machine and increase the risk of collisions or occupational accidents.
Surface Diversity: The work environment can include many different types of surfaces, from concrete to wood, and each type of surface may require specific adjustments during the operation of the plastering pump.
Surface Adhesion: The properties of the work surface, such as being smooth or rough, can also affect the performance of the machine and the quality of the sprayed plaster layer.
Height and Accessibility: The work environment can have varying heights and hard-to-reach locations, requiring skill and experience to adjust the plastering pump accordingly.
Lighting Conditions: Poor lighting conditions can reduce visibility and make it difficult to perform work accurately and safely.

C. How the Technical Condition of the Plastering Pump Affects its Operation

Regular Maintenance: The plastering pump needs to be regularly maintained to ensure that all parts operate smoothly and efficiently. If the machine has not been properly maintained, problems such as leaks, blockages, or sudden breakdowns may occur during operation.
Machine Performance: The plastering pump must be checked periodically to ensure that it is still operating stably and has the required plaster spraying performance. If the machine is not operating efficiently, it may result in uneven or inaccurate plaster spraying.
Technical Repairs: When technical problems are detected, repairs must be carried out immediately to avoid incidents during operation. Proper and timely repairs will help maintain the machine’s performance and safety.
Training and Skills: Operating personnel need to be trained and have the necessary skills to check and handle basic technical issues of the machine. An understanding of how the machine works will help them detect and resolve problems quickly and effectively.

D. How the Safety Knowledge and Skills of the Worker Affect the Operation of a Plastering Pump

Personal Safety: Workers need to understand the risks and hazards associated with operating the machine, including the risk of collision, injury from the plaster liquid, and environmental risks such as weather conditions and the work environment. This knowledge helps them apply appropriate personal safety measures and avoid accidents.
Understanding the Machine: Workers need to understand the structure and operating principle of the plastering pump to be able to operate it effectively and safely. This knowledge helps them recognize and handle basic technical issues and understand how to adjust the machine appropriately.
Job Performance Skills: Job performance skills are a decisive factor for the efficiency and quality of the operation process. Workers need to have the skills to use the plastering pump accurately and flexibly, while also knowing how to deal with unexpected situations.
Troubleshooting Ability: Knowledge and skills in handling technical and safety incidents are very important to ensure that the operation process runs smoothly and safely. Workers need to know how to identify and resolve problems quickly and accurately.

VII. Occupational Safety Training for Safe Operation Skills of a Plastering Pump

A. Why Plastering Pump Operators Need Occupational Safety Training

Personal Protection: Occupational safety training helps operators recognize and clearly understand the potential risks and hazards in the machine operation process. This helps them apply personal protection measures correctly to avoid accidents and injuries.
Safety for Other Workers: Operators need to understand how to use the machine safely not only for themselves but also to ensure the safety of other workers in the same work environment.
Asset Protection: Occupational safety training helps operators recognize and avoid actions that could cause damage or loss to the machine and other equipment during operation.
Compliance with Legal Regulations: In many countries, occupational safety training is not just a need but also a legal requirement. Compliance with legal regulations will help avoid potential legal consequences.
Optimizing Performance and Work Quality: An operator trained in occupational safety will know how to use the machine effectively and safely, thereby optimizing work performance and the quality of the finished job.

B. Where to get Occupational Safety Training for Operating a Plastering Pump?

An Toan Nam Viet is a reputable and high-quality occupational safety training center in Vietnam today. With safety training sessions held continuously at production workshops, factories, or construction sites across the country (63 provinces in Vietnam).

To ensure effective training, An Toan Nam Viet prepares carefully and meticulously down to the smallest detail. From preparing tools, instruments, and teaching equipment to curriculum, materials, sound, and lighting.

The occupational safety training instructors at An Toan Nam Viet are experts with many years of experience in the field. They even have research works identifying hazards in all industries and how to prevent them.

The instructors’ lectures are drawn from practical experience and delivered in a vivid, easy-to-visualize manner to the workers. These factors help workers feel comfortable during the learning period and absorb the taught knowledge well. Of course, the knowledge conveyed always adheres to Decree 44/2016/ND-CP. From there, they learn many measures to prevent hazards and how to protect themselves. At the same time, they can apply it most appropriately in their actual work.

VIII. The Significance of Occupational Safety in Operating a Plastering Pump

A. The Importance of Maintaining Occupational Safety in Operating a Plastering Pump

Protecting the Health and Lives of Workers: Occupational safety prioritizes the protection of workers’ health and lives. Implementing proper safety measures helps reduce the risk of accidents and injuries during machine operation.
Enhancing Work Performance: A safe working environment not only boosts employee morale and confidence but also helps them focus on their work more effectively, thereby enhancing work performance and the quality of the final product.
Reducing Losses and Costs: Maintaining occupational safety helps reduce losses in time, materials, and costs caused by work-related accidents. This can help increase the company’s profitability and competitiveness.
Building Reputation and Prestige: A safe working environment not only creates a positive image of the company but also helps build prestige and a good reputation in the industry.
Complying with Legal Regulations: Maintaining occupational safety is a legal obligation for every business. Compliance with legal regulations not only helps avoid legal penalties but also creates favorable conditions for the sustainable development of the business.

B. Important Safety Measures to Understand Before Operating a Plastering Pump

Wear Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Ensure everyone operating the machine wears the correct personal protective equipment such as a helmet, safety glasses, gloves, and puncture-resistant boots. PPE helps protect workers from the risk of injury and harm during work.
Inspect the Machine Before Use: Before each operation, thoroughly inspect the machine to ensure that all parts are functioning correctly and there are no damages. Pay special attention to safety systems such as brakes and sensors.
Follow the User Manual: Read and fully understand the manufacturer’s user and safety manual before operating the machine. Adhering to these regulations and instructions helps reduce the risk of accidents and incidents during work.
Maintain a Safe Distance: Always maintain a safe distance between the machine and other workers as well as other construction materials to avoid the risk of collision and injury.
Use the Machine Correctly: Only operate the machine as instructed and only by trained and experienced individuals. Do not perform repairs or adjustments while the machine is running.
Work in Safe Conditions: Avoid working in adverse weather conditions such as rain or strong winds, and ensure the work environment is well-ventilated and has adequate lighting.

Occupational Safety Training: Complete an occupational safety training course to be issued an occupational safety card by a safety training center to properly supplement your work records.