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The occupational safety document for the scrap recycling industry provides detailed guidance and protective measures for workers in the bottle and jar recycling industry. The document content includes safe work procedures, how to use personal protective equipment, and accident prevention measures.

Table of Contents

PART I: CURRENT STATE OF SAFETY IN THE SCRAP RECYCLING INDUSTRY

I. General Situation

The Ministry of Labour, Invalids and Social Affairs informs sectors and localities of the occupational accident situation in the first 6 months of 2024 and outlines key solutions to proactively prevent incidents and accidents in the last 6 months of 2024. According to reports from 61 out of 63 centrally governed provinces and cities, in the first 6 months of 2024, there were a total of 3,201 occupational accidents nationwide (a decrease of 227 cases, equivalent to 7.09% compared to the same period in 2023), resulting in 3,065 victims (a decrease of 197 people, equivalent to 6.04% compared to the first 6 months of 2023), including both employees under labor contracts and those working without labor contracts. Specifically:

Number of fatal occupational accidents: 320 cases, a decrease of 25 cases (7.25%) compared to the first 6 months of 2023 (including 245 cases in areas with labor relations, a decrease of 28 cases or 10.3%; and 75 cases in areas without labor contracts, an increase of 3 cases or 4.2% compared to the first 6 months of 2023);
Number of deaths due to occupational accidents: 346 people, a decrease of 7 people or 1.98% compared to the same period in 2023 (including 268 in areas with labor relations, a decrease of 13 people or 4.63%; and 78 in areas without labor contracts, an increase of 6 people or 8.33%).
Number of people seriously injured: 810 people, an increase of 26 people or 3.32% compared to the first 6 months of 2023 (including 710 in areas with labor relations, a decrease of 5 people or 0.7%; and 100 in areas without labor contracts, an increase of 31 people or 44.92%).

Download the PDF file Occupational Accident Report – First 6 Months of 2024 issued by the Ministry of Labour, Invalids and Social Affairs.

The occupational accident situation in the first 6 months of 2024 in both sectors with and without labor relations saw a decrease in the number of deaths and fatal accidents compared to the same period in 2023.

II. Some Occupational Accidents in Scrap Recycling Plants

Occupational accidents in scrap recycling plants are a serious issue, reflecting the potential risks in the recycling industry. Below are some typical occupational accidents that have occurred, along with their causes and consequences.

Accident 1: Caught in a crushing machine

In June 2021, at a scrap recycling plant in Binh Duong province, a worker was caught in a crushing machine while trying to clear a blockage. The crushing machine is one of the most dangerous pieces of equipment in recycling plants as it can crush hard materials like bottles and metal. Due to the lack of adequate safety measures and the procedure of shutting down the machine before handling incidents, this worker was seriously injured and lost an arm.

Accident 2: Fire and explosion due to chemicals

In April 2022, at a scrap recycling plant in Dong Nai, a fire and explosion occurred due to an incident with flammable chemicals used in the recycling process. A container of strong cleaning agent leaked, combined with the high temperature from a nearby machine, leading to a large explosion. This accident caused serious damage to the facility, injuring 5 workers, two of whom suffered severe burns and required hospitalization.

Accident 3: Struck by falling materials

Another accident occurred in August 2023 at a factory in Hai Phong, when a worker was struck by falling recycled materials. During the process of moving large bales of bottles and metal to the recycling machine, a bale’s strapping came loose and it fell from a height of about 3 meters. The worker standing nearby could not get out of the way in time and suffered a serious head injury, requiring immediate emergency care.

Accident 4: Gas poisoning

At a factory in Long An in October 2023, a group of workers were poisoned by gas while working in the waste processing area. The ventilation system was not working effectively, causing toxic gases such as CO2 and ammonia to accumulate in the workspace. Seven workers had to be hospitalized due to gas poisoning, one of whom was in critical condition.

PART II: OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH WHEN WORKING IN THE SCRAP RECYCLING INDUSTRY

I. Occupational Safety and Health for Scrap Collection Staff

1. Characteristics of Scrap Collection Work

The characteristics of scrap collection work include many aspects that require meticulousness and care. Collection workers often have to move continuously through different areas such as households, restaurants, production facilities, and public areas to collect various types of recyclable materials. This job not only requires endurance but also the ability to accurately identify and sort different types of plastic bottles, glass bottles, metal cans, and other recyclable materials.

In addition to collecting, scrap collection workers must also ensure their own safety and that of those around them. They need to use personal protective equipment such as gloves, protective clothing, and helmets to avoid accidents that may be caused by sharp or hazardous materials. In addition, workers need to master the correct handling and transportation procedures to ensure safety during work.

Scrap collection work also requires good communication skills, as workers often have to deal with many different people, from residents to business owners. The ability to explain and guide on sorting recyclable waste is an important part of their job, contributing to raising community awareness about environmental protection. Scrap collection workers play an essential role in maintaining the cleanliness and sustainability of the living environment.

2. Types of Occupational Accidents during Scrap Collection

The types of occupational accidents during scrap collection are a significant concern, especially for workers who have to work in harsh conditions and come into contact with many different types of materials. One of the most common risks is being cut or pierced by sharp pieces of glass or metal. These accidents can lead to serious injuries, infections, or even be life-threatening if not treated promptly.

In addition, scrap collection workers also face the risk of exposure to toxic chemicals or hazardous medical waste. These materials can cause allergic reactions, chemical burns, or respiratory problems. A lack of knowledge or not being fully equipped with protective equipment can increase the risk of encountering these situations, causing long-term adverse health effects for workers.

In addition, accidents related to movement and transportation also occur frequently. Workers can slip and fall, collide, or have traffic accidents when moving from one place to another. Environmental factors such as bad weather and complex terrain also contribute to increasing the risk of accidents. To minimize these risks, it is necessary to have in-depth training on occupational safety, be fully equipped with protective equipment, and raise workers’ awareness of accident prevention measures.

3. Causes of Occupational Accidents during Scrap Collection

The causes of occupational accidents during scrap collection can stem from various factors. One of the main causes is the lack of appropriate personal protective equipment. Workers often have to come into contact with sharp materials such as broken glass pieces or metal, and if they are not equipped with gloves, safety shoes, and protective clothing, they are prone to injury. Failure to comply with occupational safety regulations or a lack of knowledge on the use of protective equipment also contributes to an increased risk of accidents.

In addition, an unsafe work environment is also a significant cause of occupational accidents. Collection areas are often not kept clean, may have many obstacles or slippery surfaces, and are prone to falls or collisions. In addition, collecting scrap in public areas with high traffic or bad weather conditions also increases the risk of accidents. Workers must always be vigilant and take preventive measures to protect themselves in these situations.

Finally, human factors also play an important role in causing occupational accidents. Fatigue, stress, or lack of concentration can reduce the ability to react quickly and accurately to dangerous situations. In addition, a lack of experience or inadequate training on safe procedures also makes workers prone to mistakes. To minimize occupational accidents, it is necessary to provide thorough training, close supervision, and create safe working conditions for scrap collection workers.

4. Measures to Prevent Occupational Accidents during Scrap Collection

Measures to prevent occupational accidents during scrap collection are crucial to protect the health and safety of workers. First, occupational safety training plays a key role. Workers need to be trained on how to identify and handle potential risks during scrap collection. In particular, they need to clearly understand how to properly use personal protective equipment such as gloves, safety glasses, and safety shoes to minimize the risk of injury from sharp or toxic materials.

In addition, maintaining a safe work environment is also very important. Collection areas should be cleaned regularly to remove obstacles and slippery surfaces. The establishment of safe work procedures, such as sorting and handling recycled waste properly, also helps reduce the risk of accidents. Workers should be encouraged to strictly adhere to occupational safety regulations, especially when working in harsh environmental conditions or high-traffic areas.

5. Occupational Safety Regulations for Scrap Collection

Occupational safety regulations for scrap collection are necessary to ensure worker safety and create an effective work environment. First, workers must be fully equipped with personal protective equipment, including gloves, helmets, safety glasses, and safety shoes. This equipment helps protect them from sharp materials, toxic substances, and other hazards they may encounter during collection. Regular inspection and maintenance of this equipment are also an important part of the regulations.

Next, workers must strictly adhere to safe work procedures. This includes sorting waste correctly, using the correct methods for picking up and transporting different types of recyclable materials, and ensuring that no hazardous situations are created during work. Occupational safety training is an indispensable part, helping workers to understand and apply these procedures correctly, and also improving their ability to respond to emergency situations.

6. Handling Emergency Occupational Accidents during Scrap Collection

Handling emergency occupational accidents during scrap collection is a crucial skill to protect the health and lives of workers. When an accident occurs, the first thing to do is to remain calm and assess the situation quickly. Workers must determine the severity of the accident and provide first aid immediately if possible. For example, if cut by a piece of glass, the wound should be cleaned with clean water and temporarily bandaged to stop the bleeding.

Next, workers should immediately notify their supervisor or manager about the accident. This helps ensure that emergency response measures can be implemented in a timely manner. In serious cases, such as fainting from chemical poisoning or a serious injury, emergency services should be called immediately. At the same time, other workers around should assist the victim, keep them in a safe position, and monitor their condition until medical staff arrive.

II. Occupational Safety and Health for Scrap Sorting Staff

1. Characteristics of Scrap Sorting Work

The characteristics of scrap sorting work require high meticulousness and observation skills from workers. This job involves separating different types of scrap based on materials such as plastic, glass, and metal. Workers must accurately identify and sort these materials, ensuring that each type is placed in the correct designated area to prepare for the next recycling steps. This not only helps to improve recycling efficiency but also minimizes the risk of environmental pollution.

In addition to sorting by material, workers also have to pay attention to the color of the scrap, especially glass bottles. The color of glass bottles is often divided into main groups such as clear, green, and brown. Accurate sorting by color helps to increase the value of the recycled material and ensure the quality of the final recycled product. Workers need to work carefully and quickly to ensure that the sorting process is smooth and efficient.

In addition, scrap sorting work also requires workers to adhere to strict occupational safety regulations. Contact with sharp materials and potentially harmful substances requires workers to use proper personal protective equipment such as gloves and safety glasses. At the same time, workers need to be fully trained on safe work procedures and how to handle emergency situations. The combination of professional skills and safety awareness will help workers to perform scrap sorting work effectively and safely.

2. Types of Occupational Accidents during Scrap Sorting

The types of occupational accidents during scrap sorting are a major concern for workers in this industry. One of the most common accidents is being cut or pierced by broken glass shards or sharp metal. These materials can cause serious injuries that require quick and effective first aid. To minimize the risk, workers should always wear protective gloves and handle sharp materials carefully.

In addition to cuts, scrap sorting workers may also be at risk of exposure to harmful chemicals. These substances can adhere to recycled materials and cause allergic reactions, chemical burns, or respiratory problems if not handled correctly. To protect themselves, workers should be trained on how to identify and safely handle these chemicals, as well as use proper protective equipment such as masks and safety glasses.

3. Causes of Occupational Accidents when Sorting Scrap

The causes of occupational accidents when sorting scrap can stem from various factors. One of the main causes is the lack of appropriate personal protective equipment. Workers often come into contact with sharp materials such as broken glass shards and metal, and without gloves, safety glasses, or protective clothing, they are very prone to injury. Non-compliance or lack of knowledge of occupational safety regulations further increases the risk of accidents.

In addition, an unsafe work environment also plays an important role. Sorting areas can be cluttered, with many materials scattered around and slippery surfaces, which can easily lead to falls or collisions. Poor ventilation or a cramped space can also increase the risk of inhaling harmful chemicals. Failure to maintain a clean and safe work environment can lead to many unnecessary accidents.

Human factors are also a significant cause of occupational accidents. Fatigue, stress, or lack of concentration due to long working hours or uncomfortable working conditions can reduce the ability to react quickly and accurately to dangerous situations. In addition, a lack of experience or inadequate training on safe sorting procedures also makes workers prone to mistakes. To reduce occupational accidents, it is necessary to provide thorough training, close supervision, and improve working conditions for scrap sorting workers.

4. Measures to Prevent Occupational Accidents when Sorting Scrap

Measures to prevent occupational accidents when sorting scrap must be strictly implemented to protect workers. First, workers must be fully equipped with personal protective equipment such as gloves, safety glasses, and protective clothing. This equipment helps reduce the risk of being cut by sharp glass shards or metal and protects workers from harmful chemicals. Regular occupational safety training is also very important, helping workers master the necessary skills to handle dangerous situations.

The work environment also needs special attention. Regular monitoring of the work environment helps to identify and address hazardous factors in the work area. Maintaining a clean, airy, and safe work space helps reduce the risk of accidents from slips, trips, or falls. A good ventilation system is also essential to ensure the air is always fresh, reducing the risk of inhaling harmful chemicals.

In addition, workers need to be instructed on how to work effectively and safely. This includes performing sorting operations accurately and carefully, complying with safe work procedures, and knowing how to properly use protective equipment. Workers should also be encouraged to get enough rest to maintain concentration and alertness at work. Close coordination between workers and management in monitoring and implementing safety measures will contribute to creating a safe and effective work environment for the scrap sorting process.

5. Occupational Safety Regulations for Sorting Scrap

Occupational safety regulations for sorting scrap are a crucial factor in protecting workers and ensuring an effective work process. First, workers must adhere to the use of full and proper personal protective equipment such as gloves, safety glasses, and protective clothing. This equipment helps reduce the risk of being cut or pierced by sharp glass shards or metal and protects against harmful chemicals.

In addition, safe work procedures must be strictly followed. Workers need to be trained on how to sort scrap accurately, ensuring that materials are handled safely and effectively. Sorting by material and color not only helps improve recycling efficiency but also minimizes the risk of harm. Workers must master the skills and procedures to handle any situation that may arise during work.

6. Handling Emergency Occupational Accidents when Sorting Scrap

Handling emergency occupational accidents when sorting scrap requires quick response and basic first aid skills from workers. When an accident occurs, the first important step is to remain calm and assess the severity of the situation. If cut or pierced by glass shards or metal, immediate first aid should be provided by cleaning the wound and bandaging it to stop the bleeding. For more serious accidents such as chemical burns or major injuries, the medical team and emergency services should be contacted immediately.

After initial first aid, workers must immediately notify their supervisor or manager for further assistance. Detailed information about the accident needs to be fully recorded to provide to medical staff and for later investigation. At the same time, the accident area should be isolated to avoid endangering other workers. This helps to control the situation and prevent further accidents.

III. Occupational Safety and Health for Cleaning and Preliminary Processing Staff

1. Characteristics of Cleaning and Preliminary Processing Work

The characteristics of cleaning and preliminary processing work require meticulousness and care from workers. This work begins with removing impurities from the scrap, including leftover materials such as labels, caps, and dirt. This process may require the use of tools such as scrapers, brushes, and special machinery to ensure all impurities are completely removed. Workers must pay attention to every detail to ensure the quality of the recycled material.

After removing impurities, the scrap needs to be washed to remove any remaining dirt. The cleaning process often involves soaking the scrap in special cleaning solutions to soften and dissolve stubborn dirt. Workers need to thoroughly inspect each piece after soaking to ensure that it has been completely cleaned. Using the correct type of cleaning solution and ensuring the appropriate soaking time is very important to achieve optimal efficiency.

Finally, after soaking and scrubbing, the scrap needs to be checked one last time before being transferred to the recycling stage. Workers must ensure that all scrap meets the cleanliness standards, with no impurities or dirt remaining. This inspection process may involve the use of machinery or visual inspection. The work of cleaning and preliminary processing not only ensures the quality of the recycled material but also helps to increase efficiency and reduce costs in the recycling process.

2. Types of Occupational Accidents during Cleaning and Preliminary Processing

The types of occupational accidents during cleaning and preliminary processing can pose many risks to workers. One of the most common risks is cuts or punctures from glass shards or sharp edges of scrap when removing impurities. Workers can be injured if they do not wear protective gloves or do not follow proper safety procedures. These injuries can lead to infection or serious damage if not treated promptly.

In addition, exposure to cleaning solutions also carries the risk of chemical accidents. These solutions may contain strong detergents that can cause skin burns or irritation if not used correctly. Workers should wear protective gear such as gloves, safety glasses, and protective clothing to minimize the risk of direct contact with chemicals. In addition, they need to have knowledge on how to handle chemicals safely and first aid measures in case of a chemical-related incident.

The risk of falls and injuries due to a wet work environment is also a concern. The floor can become slippery due to water and cleaning solutions, leading to the risk of falls and injuries. To minimize this risk, it is necessary to maintain hygiene in the work area, use anti-slip mats, and ensure that workers wear shoes with good grip. The combination of adhering to safety regulations and using proper protective equipment will help minimize occupational accidents during cleaning and preliminary processing.

3. Causes of Occupational Accidents when Cleaning and Preliminary Processing

The causes of occupational accidents when cleaning and preliminary processing often stem from a lack of necessary safety measures. One of the main causes is a lack of or improper maintenance of personal protective equipment. Workers may not wear gloves, safety glasses, or protective clothing correctly, leading to the risk of being cut, punctured, or exposed to harmful chemicals. A lack of sufficient training on occupational safety procedures also increases the risk of accidents.

In addition, an unsafe work environment also plays an important role in occupational accidents. A wet and slippery work area due to water and cleaning solutions can cause falls and injuries. A lack of supervision and maintenance of hygiene in the work area increases the risk. Factors such as poor lighting, a cramped space, and poor ventilation also create an unfavorable work environment, increasing the risk of occupational accidents.

4. Measures to Prevent Occupational Accidents when Cleaning and Preliminary Processing

Measures to prevent occupational accidents when cleaning and preliminary processing are very important to protect workers and improve work efficiency. First, regular occupational safety training is necessary for workers to master safe work procedures. Workers need to be instructed on how to use and maintain personal protective equipment such as gloves, safety glasses, and protective clothing to reduce the risk of injury from sharp materials and harmful chemicals.

The work environment needs to be maintained clean and safe. Regular monitoring of the work environment helps to identify and eliminate hazardous factors such as slippery floors, poor lighting, and ineffective ventilation systems. Workers should wear anti-slip shoes and use anti-slip mats to reduce the risk of falls. At the same time, the work area should be cleaned and kept tidy to avoid accidents due to falls or collisions.

5. Occupational Safety Regulations for Cleaning and Preliminary Processing

Taking tests at occupational safety centers aims to obtain an occupational safety certificate. From there, the worker will have a clear understanding of safety knowledge as well as valid certification for work.

Occupational safety regulations for cleaning and preliminary processing are necessary to ensure the health and safety of workers. First, workers must adhere to the use of full and proper personal protective equipment. This includes wearing gloves, safety glasses, and protective clothing when in contact with sharp materials and cleaning solutions. Regular inspection and maintenance of personal protective equipment are also an important part of the safety regulations.

In addition, the work environment needs to be managed and maintained clean to minimize the risk of accidents. Work areas must be equipped with adequate lighting and good ventilation to ensure fresh and safe air. The floor needs to be kept dry and clean to avoid slipperiness, and anti-slip mats should be used when necessary. Maintaining hygiene in the work area and removing obstacles also help to create a safe and effective work environment.

6. Handling Emergency Occupational Accidents when Cleaning and Preliminary Processing

Handling emergency occupational accidents when cleaning and preliminary processing requires quick response and basic skills from workers. When an accident occurs, the first thing to do is to remain calm and assess the severity of the situation. If a worker is cut or pierced by glass shards or metal, immediate first aid should be provided by cleaning the wound and bandaging it to stop the bleeding. For chemical exposure, immediately wash the affected area with clean water and seek medical help.

Next, workers must immediately notify their supervisor or manager about the accident. This helps ensure that timely support measures are implemented, including calling for emergency services if necessary. While waiting for help, keep the victim in a stable condition and ensure that the accident area is isolated to avoid danger to others. This helps to control the situation and prevent further accidents.

IV. Occupational Safety and Health for Crushing and Shredding Staff

1. Characteristics of Crushing and Shredding Work

The characteristics of crushing and shredding scrap require attention and machine operation skills from workers. After the scrap has been cleaned, it will be fed into crushing and shredding machines to reduce its size. This process helps to facilitate the subsequent recycling steps by turning the materials into small pieces that are easier to handle and transport. Workers must ensure that the machinery is operating correctly and safely, and also check the quality of the product after crushing.

The operation of crushing and shredding machines requires workers to have basic knowledge of machinery and technology. They need to know how to adjust the machine parameters to achieve the desired fragment size and ensure optimal operating efficiency. In addition, regular maintenance of the machinery is also very important to prevent incidents and ensure safety during work. Workers must perform regular inspections and report immediately upon detecting any incidents.

Finally, occupational safety is an indispensable element in this job. Workers need to comply with safety regulations, use full personal protective equipment such as gloves, safety glasses, and protective clothing. They also need to be trained on how to handle emergency situations and first aid in case of an accident. The combination of machine operation skills and compliance with safety regulations will help workers to perform crushing and shredding of scrap effectively and safely.

2. Types of Occupational Accidents during Crushing and Shredding

The types of occupational accidents during the crushing and shredding of scrap can pose many dangers to workers if safety measures are not followed. One of the most common accidents is being cut or pierced by sharp fragments from glass bottles or metal. When the crushing and shredding machine is operating, the fragments can fly out and cause serious injuries if workers do not wear full protective equipment such as gloves, safety glasses, and protective clothing.

In addition, the operation of crushing and shredding machines also poses a risk of being caught or other parts of the body being caught in the machine. These incidents can lead to serious injuries or even the loss of limbs. Workers need to be well-trained on how to operate the machinery safely, including not putting their hands in the machine when it is operating and always following the procedure of shutting down the machine when maintenance or incident handling is required.

The work environment around the crushing and shredding machine can also be dangerous if not properly managed. The floor can become slippery due to grease or other liquids, leading to the risk of falls and injuries. In addition, the noise from the machinery can also harm hearing if workers do not wear hearing protection. Maintaining a clean, safe work environment and complying with occupational safety regulations is very important to minimize the risk of accidents during the crushing and shredding of scrap.

3. Causes of Occupational Accidents when Crushing and Shredding

The causes of occupational accidents when crushing and shredding scrap often stem from non-compliance with safety regulations and improper use of protective equipment. One of the main causes is carelessness in operating the machinery. Workers may put their hands or other body parts in the hazardous area of the machine when it is operating, leading to serious injuries. Failure to shut down the machine when maintenance or incident handling is required also increases the risk of accidents.

A lack of training and knowledge of occupational safety is also a significant cause. Workers who are not fully trained on how to operate and maintain crushing and shredding machines may have difficulty controlling and handling dangerous situations. This is especially dangerous when machinery incidents occur or when complex operations are required. A lack of understanding of safety procedures also makes workers prone to mistakes during work.

An unsafe work environment also contributes to occupational accidents. A slippery floor due to grease or other liquids, along with noise and vibration from machinery, can reduce the concentration and reaction of workers. The lack of hearing and eye protection also increases the risk of injury from loud noise and flying debris from the machine. To reduce accidents, it is necessary to ensure a safe work environment, provide adequate protective equipment, and provide occupational safety training for workers.

4. Measures to Prevent Occupational Accidents when Crushing and Shredding

Take tests at occupational safety centers to obtain an occupational safety card to properly supplement your work records.

Measures to prevent occupational accidents when crushing and shredding scrap are very important to protect workers and ensure work efficiency. First, workers need to be fully trained on how to operate and maintain machinery. This training includes safety procedures, how to properly use protective equipment such as gloves, safety glasses, and hearing protection. Ensuring that all workers clearly understand and strictly adhere to safety regulations is the first step in minimizing the risk of accidents.

The work environment also needs to be maintained clean and safe. The floor must be kept dry and free of obstacles to avoid slips and collisions. The areas around the crushing and shredding machine should be cleaned regularly to remove debris and liquids that can be dangerous. The ventilation and lighting systems must be ensured so that workers can work in the best conditions. The use of anti-slip mats and protective measures around the machine also helps reduce the risk of accidents.

Regular monitoring and inspection are indispensable. Management should regularly inspect the operation of machinery and the condition of personal protective equipment. When any unusual signs are detected, corrective measures should be taken immediately to ensure safety. At the same time, organizing training sessions and reminding workers of safety measures helps to raise awareness and skills in accident prevention. Close coordination between workers and management in implementing safety measures will create a safe and effective work environment.

5. Occupational Safety Regulations for Crushing and Shredding

Occupational safety regulations for crushing and shredding scrap play an important role in protecting workers and ensuring production efficiency. First, workers must adhere to the use of full and proper personal protective equipment such as gloves, safety glasses, and hearing protection. This equipment helps to reduce the risk of injury from sharp debris and noise from machinery. Regular inspection and maintenance of protective equipment are also necessary to ensure they are always in the best condition.

In addition, the machine operating procedure must be strictly followed. Workers need to be well-trained on how to use and maintain crushing and shredding machines, ensuring that they understand the safety regulations and incident handling procedures. Safety measures such as not putting hands in the hazardous area of the machine, shutting down the machine when not in use, and immediately reporting when an incident is detected must be strictly followed.

6. Handling Emergency Occupational Accidents when Crushing and Shredding

Handling emergency occupational accidents when crushing and shredding requires quick response and basic skills from workers. When an accident occurs, the first thing to do is to remain calm and quickly assess the situation. If a worker is injured by cutting or piercing debris, immediate first aid should be provided by cleaning the wound and bandaging it to stop the bleeding. In more serious cases, such as a worker being caught in a machine, the machine should be shut down immediately and medical assistance should be called.

Next, workers must immediately notify their supervisor or manager about the accident. This ensures that timely and accurate support and rescue measures are implemented. At the same time, the accident area should be kept safe by isolating it to prevent further danger to others. Those around should be ready to assist and provide detailed information to the medical team when they arrive.

V. Occupational Safety and Health for Smelting and Molding Staff (for metal and glass)

1. Characteristics of Smelting and Molding Work (for metal and glass)

The characteristics of smelting and molding work for metal and glass require high skill and meticulousness from workers. After materials such as metal and glass have been crushed, they will be put into a furnace to be melted at a very high temperature. This process requires strict control to ensure the temperature is appropriate and uniform, helping the material to melt completely without causing defects. Workers must continuously monitor this process, using specialized tools and measuring equipment to ensure quality.

Next, after the metal and glass have been melted, they will be poured into molds to be shaped. Molding requires high precision, from selecting the right mold to controlling the speed and pressure of pouring. Workers need to ensure that the molds are well-prepared and free of any cracks or defects. Carefulness in this stage helps to ensure that the final product has high quality and does not have technical defects.

After molding, the products will be cooled and quality checked. Workers must carefully inspect each product to detect and remove any non-conforming products. The cooling process also needs to be strictly controlled to avoid unwanted thermal stress, affecting the durability and quality of the product. The work of smelting and molding not only requires high professional skills but also requires care and patience from workers to ensure the safety and quality of recycled products.

2. Types of Occupational Accidents during Smelting and Molding (for metal and glass)

The types of occupational accidents during the smelting and molding of metal and glass can be very dangerous if not strictly controlled. One of the most common accidents is thermal burns from contact with molten material or high-temperature surfaces. Workers often have to work near furnaces and molding equipment, so the risk of burns is very high if proper protective equipment such as heat-resistant gloves, masks, and protective clothing is not used.

In addition, exposure to toxic fumes and exhaust from the smelting process is also a serious hazard. When metal and glass are melted, they can release toxic gases that affect the respiratory system and overall health of workers. Failure to ensure a ventilation system and improper use of protective masks can lead to gas poisoning and long-term health problems.

3. Causes of Occupational Accidents when Smelting and Molding (for metal and glass)

The causes of occupational accidents when smelting and molding metal and glass often stem from non-compliance with safety procedures and a lack of professional knowledge. One of the main causes is the lack of or improper use of personal protective equipment. Workers in a high-temperature environment need to be equipped with heat-resistant gloves, protective masks, and protective clothing. The lack of this equipment easily leads to thermal burns and exposure to harmful substances.

In addition, an unsafe work environment also plays an important role in causing accidents. A poor ventilation system, a cramped workspace, and a lack of hygiene all increase the risk of inhaling toxic gases and serious health problems. The lack of regular maintenance and inspection of smelting and molding equipment can also lead to technical problems, endangering workers.

Human factors are also a significant cause. A lack of concentration, fatigue from working long hours, and a lack of thorough training all contribute to an increased risk of accidents. Workers who are not fully trained on safety procedures and how to handle emergency situations may have difficulty dealing with incidents. To reduce the risk, it is necessary to combine strict adherence to safety procedures, provide adequate protective equipment, and organize regular training sessions.

4. Measures to Prevent Occupational Accidents when Smelting and Molding (for metal and glass)

Measures to prevent occupational accidents when smelting and molding metal and glass require strict adherence to safety regulations and the use of proper protective equipment. First, workers need to be fully equipped with personal protective equipment such as heat-resistant gloves, protective masks, and protective clothing. This equipment helps to minimize the risk of thermal burns and exposure to harmful substances. In particular, the regular inspection and maintenance of this equipment is very important to ensure they are always in the best condition.

The work environment needs to be managed strictly to ensure safety. The ventilation system must be designed well to remove toxic gases and maintain fresh air. The floor and work area should be kept clean, free of obstacles and slipperiness to avoid the risk of falls and collisions. In addition, protective measures should be in place around furnaces and molding machines to prevent accidents caused by molten material.

5. Occupational Safety Regulations for Smelting and Molding (for metal and glass)

Occupational safety regulations for smelting and molding metal and glass are in place to ensure the health and safety of workers during work. First, workers must strictly adhere to the use of personal protective equipment. Equipment such as heat-resistant gloves, protective masks, and protective clothing are mandatory to reduce the risk of burns and exposure to toxic gases. The regular inspection and replacement of protective equipment is very important to ensure they are always in the best condition.

The work environment must also be maintained safe and clean. The ventilation system must operate effectively to remove toxic gases generated during the smelting process. The floor and work area must be free of obstacles and slipperiness to avoid the risk of falls and collisions. Furnaces and molding machines must be equipped with protective measures such as safety fences and warning systems to prevent accidents.

6. Handling Emergency Occupational Accidents when Smelting and Molding (for metal and glass)

Handling emergency occupational accidents when smelting and molding requires quick response and basic skills from workers. When an accident occurs, the first step is to remain calm and assess the situation. If a worker is burned or comes into contact with molten material, first aid should be provided immediately by cooling the wound under cold water and bandaging it with a clean bandage. In serious cases, emergency services should be called immediately.

After initial first aid, workers must immediately notify their supervisor or manager for timely support. This ensures that emergency response measures are deployed quickly and accurately. If the accident is related to toxic fumes or exhaust, the victim should be quickly moved to a well-ventilated area and emergency services should be called. At the same time, the accident area should be isolated to prevent danger to others.

After the emergency situation has been handled, an investigation into the cause and lessons learned to prevent recurrence should be conducted. This includes reviewing occupational safety procedures, inspecting and maintaining equipment, and assessing working conditions. Regular safety training sessions help to raise awareness and accident prevention skills for workers. Thorough preparation and a quick response not only protect the health and lives of workers but also create a safe and effective work environment.

PART III: Further Reference