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Table of Contents

PART I: THE CURRENT STATE OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY IN THE SHOCK ABSORBER (FORK) MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY

I. General Situation

The Ministry of Labour, Invalids and Social Affairs informs sectors and localities of the occupational accident situation in the first 6 months of 2024 and outlines key solutions to proactively prevent incidents and accidents in the last 6 months of 2024. According to reports from 61 out of 63 centrally governed provinces and cities, in the first 6 months of 2024, there were a total of 3,201 occupational accidents nationwide (a decrease of 227 cases, equivalent to 7.09% compared to the same period in 2023), resulting in 3,065 victims (a decrease of 197 people, equivalent to 6.04% compared to the first 6 months of 2023), including both employees under labor contracts and those working without labor contracts. Specifically:

Number of fatal occupational accidents: 320 cases, a decrease of 25 cases (7.25%) compared to the first 6 months of 2023 (including 245 cases in areas with labor relations, a decrease of 28 cases or 10.3%; and 75 cases in areas without labor contracts, an increase of 3 cases or 4.2% compared to the first 6 months of 2023);
Number of deaths due to occupational accidents: 346 people, a decrease of 7 people or 1.98% compared to the same period in 2023 (including 268 in areas with labor relations, a decrease of 13 people or 4.63%; and 78 in areas without labor contracts, an increase of 6 people or 8.33%).
Number of people seriously injured: 810 people, an increase of 26 people or 3.32% compared to the first 6 months of 2023 (including 710 in areas with labor relations, a decrease of 5 people or 0.7%; and 100 in areas without labor contracts, an increase of 31 people or 44.92%).

Download the PDF file Occupational Accident Report – First 6 Months of 2024 issued by the Ministry of Labour, Invalids and Social Affairs.

The occupational accident situation in the first 6 months of 2024 in both sectors with and without labor relations saw a decrease in the number of deaths and fatal accidents compared to the same period in 2023.

II. Some Occupational Accidents in Shock Absorber Manufacturing Plants

In the shock absorber (fork) manufacturing industry, occupational accidents can occur for various reasons. Below are some typical examples of common accidents in shock absorber manufacturing plants:

Accidents due to machinery: Machinery-related accidents often occur when equipment is not properly maintained or when workers do not follow safety procedures. For example, incidents can occur with cutting machines, bending machines, or other processing equipment, leading to serious injuries such as cuts or impact wounds.
Accidents due to falling materials: During production, materials such as fork tubes and shock absorber parts can fall from heights or be knocked over, causing accidents for workers below. These accidents can lead to fractures, head injuries, or other serious wounds.
Accidents due to chemical exposure: During production, chemicals used for treating or maintaining equipment can be dangerous if not used correctly. Exposure to hazardous chemicals can lead to skin burns, irritation, or serious health problems.
Accidents due to lack of skills or training: Some accidents occur because workers lack experience or are not fully trained in safe work procedures. This can lead to the incorrect use of equipment or improper work methods.

Understanding the risks and implementing appropriate preventive measures is very important to minimize occupational accidents and protect the health of workers in shock absorber manufacturing plants.

PART II: OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH WHEN WORKING IN A SHOCK ABSORBER (FORK) MANUFACTURING PLANT

I. Occupational Safety and Health for Material Cutting and Processing Staff

1. Job Characteristics of Material Cutting and Processing

The work of cutting and processing materials in shock absorber production plays a key role in creating the basic components of the product. This process begins with cutting the raw material into sections of precise dimensions according to design requirements. Materials such as steel or plastic are fed into specialized cutting machines, ensuring high accuracy and minimizing waste.

Next, the material sections are put through bending and processing machines, where they are shaped according to the technical specifications to fit the structure of the shock absorber. Quality control is very important during this process, as any error in cutting or processing can affect the performance and durability of the final product. The processing not only requires precision but also synchronization in carrying out the steps to ensure that all parts meet the highest standards before moving on to the next production stages.

2. Types of Occupational Accidents during Material Cutting and Processing

During the process of cutting and processing materials for shock absorber production, workers face many potential hazards leading to occupational accidents. One of the common accidents is injuries from direct contact with cutting and bending machines. If the machinery is not properly maintained or if workers do not follow safety rules, situations such as being cut, pinched, or hit by moving parts of the machine can occur. In addition, dust and debris from the cutting process can cause eye irritation or respiratory problems if not adequately protected.

Accidents can also occur due to problems with the electrical system of the machinery, causing electric shock or fire. The lack of personal protective equipment such as gloves, safety glasses, or masks also increases the risk of injury. To minimize these accidents, strict adherence to safety procedures, regular equipment maintenance, and the full use of protective equipment are very necessary.

3. Causes of Occupational Accidents during Material Cutting and Processing

Occupational accidents during the material cutting and processing process often stem from various causes, closely related to both equipment and human factors. A common cause is the lack or malfunction of machinery equipment. When cutting or bending machines are not properly maintained or do not operate correctly, the risk of accidents increases due to moving parts that can cause serious injuries. In addition, non-compliance with safety regulations and work procedures is also a major cause. For example, if workers do not use personal protective equipment correctly or do not follow safety procedures, they may suffer injuries from the machinery.

In addition, the lack of skills and adequate training of employees also contributes to an increased risk of accidents. Finally, environmental factors such as poor lighting, a cramped workspace, and substandard working conditions can also lead to incidents and accidents during the material cutting and processing process. To prevent these accidents, maintaining equipment, complying with safety procedures, and providing continuous training for employees are extremely important.

4. Measures to Prevent Occupational Accidents during Material Cutting and Processing

To prevent occupational accidents during the material cutting and processing process, implementing safety measures is extremely necessary. First, regular maintenance and inspection of machinery equipment are very important to ensure they operate stably and do not cause incidents. The cutting and bending machines need to be regularly maintained and repaired immediately upon detection of damage. Second, workers must be fully trained on safe work procedures and how to use the equipment correctly. This helps them to recognize and avoid potential risks during work.

In addition, the use of personal protective equipment such as gloves, safety glasses, and masks is mandatory to protect workers from dust, debris, and other hazardous agents. The work environment also needs to be improved to ensure adequate lighting, a well-ventilated workspace, and other safety conditions. Finally, complying with the regulations and instructions on occupational safety must be strictly enforced to minimize risks and ensure the safety of all employees.

5. Occupational Safety Regulations for Material Cutting and Processing

Occupational safety regulations in the material cutting and processing process play an important role in protecting the health and safety of workers. First, the machinery used in this process must be fully equipped with protective devices such as covers, barriers, and emergency stop buttons to prevent accidents from direct contact with moving parts. Workers must be thoroughly trained on how to use the equipment safely, including familiarizing themselves with operating procedures and emergency response measures.

The regulations also require the full use of personal protective equipment such as gloves, safety glasses, and dust masks to minimize the risk of injury and exposure to harmful substances. The work environment must be kept clean and tidy, with work areas being well-lit to ensure good visibility.

At the same time, safety procedures and instructions must be strictly followed and regularly checked to ensure that all safety requirements are met. The strict implementation of these regulations not only helps to minimize occupational accidents but also improves work efficiency in the material cutting and processing process.

6. Handling Emergency Occupational Accidents during Material Cutting and Processing

When an occupational accident occurs during the material cutting and processing process, timely and effective handling is extremely important to minimize damage and protect the health of workers. First, upon discovering an accident, it is necessary to quickly stop the operation of the machinery by using the emergency stop system or other control measures to prevent the situation from worsening. Then, the victim’s condition must be checked and basic medical assistance provided, including cleaning the wound, stopping the bleeding, and stabilizing their condition until professional medical personnel arrive.

At the same time, safety measures such as first aid and how to handle specific injuries should be followed to reduce the risk of infection and complications. After the emergency situation is resolved, it is necessary to investigate the cause of the accident to identify the contributing factors and adjust the safety procedures to prevent similar incidents in the future. Finally, it is also necessary to notify the management authorities and prepare a detailed accident report to ensure that remedial and improvement measures are carried out comprehensively and in accordance with regulations.

II. Occupational Safety and Health for Welding and Assembly Staff

1. Job Characteristics of Welding and Assembly

The work of welding and assembly in shock absorber production is a crucial stage, determining the quality and stability of the final product. In this process, the parts are welded or connected together to form the main structure of the shock absorber. The welding work requires high precision, as the welds must ensure durability and load-bearing capacity for the product to operate stably under various load conditions and impacts. The welder needs to control the temperature and welding technique to avoid defects such as cracks, breaks, or non-uniform structures.

After welding, the parts will be assembled together to complete the product. The assembly process requires precision in positioning the components and connecting them correctly to ensure that the shock absorber operates effectively and safely. To achieve this, it is necessary to carefully check the welds and connections throughout the assembly process. Each step in this work directly affects the final quality of the shock absorber, so compliance with the process and quality standards is very necessary to ensure that the product meets technical and safety requirements.

2. Types of Occupational Accidents during Welding and Assembly

During the welding and assembly of shock absorber parts, workers may encounter various types of occupational accidents due to hazardous factors related to this work. One of the common types of accidents is burns from the welding process. Due to the high temperature and arc flash, workers can be burned if they do not use full protective equipment such as welding goggles and heat-resistant gloves. In addition, metal debris and toxic gases generated from the welding process can also cause eye, skin, and respiratory irritation if not properly protected. Accidents can also occur due to welding equipment not being properly maintained, leading to incidents such as electric shock or fire.

During the assembly process, the use of heavy tools and working in awkward positions can cause muscle or spinal injuries. Inaccurate assembly can also lead to safety incidents if the parts are not connected correctly, posing a risk of malfunction or unstable operation of the final product. To minimize these accidents, strict adherence to safety procedures, full use of protective equipment, and maintaining the equipment in good condition are very important.

3. Causes of Occupational Accidents during Welding and Assembly

Occupational accidents in the welding and assembly of shock absorber parts often stem from many causes related to both human and equipment factors. A major cause is the lack or improper use of personal protective equipment. When workers do not wear welding goggles or heat-resistant gloves, the risk of burns and irritation from high temperatures and arc flashes increases. In addition, accidents can also be caused by welding equipment or assembly tools not being periodically maintained and inspected, leading to incidents such as electric shock, fire, or malfunction. Another cause is the lack of skills and training of employees.

If not fully trained on welding and assembly procedures, workers may perform steps incorrectly, causing errors in the product structure or creating dangerous situations. Inaccurate assembly, due to working in a hurry or not following the procedure, can also lead to safety incidents and affect the performance of the final product. In addition, an unsafe work environment, such as insufficient lighting or a cramped workspace, can increase the risk of accidents. To minimize these risks, it is necessary to fully implement safety regulations, maintain equipment properly, and provide formal training to employees.

4. Measures to Prevent Occupational Accidents during Welding and Assembly

To prevent occupational accidents in the welding and assembly of shock absorber parts, implementing safety measures is extremely important. First, workers must be fully equipped with personal protective equipment such as welding goggles, heat-resistant gloves, and protective clothing to protect against high temperatures, arc flashes, and metal debris. At the same time, the work environment needs to be kept clean and well-ventilated, ensuring adequate lighting for workers to easily observe and perform their work accurately. Welding equipment and assembly tools also need to be periodically inspected and maintained to ensure they operate stably and do not cause incidents. Training and guiding employees on the correct welding and assembly procedures, as well as emergency response measures, are very necessary to reduce risks.

In addition, strict adherence to occupational safety regulations and safety inspections before starting work will help to detect and remedy potential hazards. By implementing these measures, not only is the health of the workers protected, but the quality and performance of the final product are also ensured.

5. Occupational Safety Regulations for Welding and Assembly

Occupational safety regulations for welding and assembling shock absorber parts are crucial to ensure the safety and quality of the final product. During the welding process, workers must adhere to the full use of personal protective equipment such as welding goggles, heat-resistant gloves, and protective clothing to protect against burns, arc flashes, and hot debris. In addition, the work environment must be kept clean, well-ventilated, and adequately lit to minimize the risk of accidents and help workers work more effectively. Welding equipment and tools must be periodically inspected and maintained to ensure they operate safely and do not cause incidents.

The work process needs to be standardized and employees trained to ensure they follow the steps correctly and know how to handle emergency situations. Safety protection regulations such as not leaving flammable materials near the welding area, using cooling devices when necessary, and conducting safety checks before starting work also need to be strictly followed. By fully implementing these safety regulations, not only is the health of the workers protected, but the product is also guaranteed to be of high quality and stable operation.

6. Handling Emergency Occupational Accidents during Welding and Assembly

When an occupational accident occurs during the welding and assembly process, a quick and accurate response is a decisive factor in minimizing damage and protecting the health of workers. As soon as an incident is detected, the first step is to immediately stop the operation of the machinery and welding equipment to prevent the situation from becoming more serious. Next, it is necessary to quickly assess the victim’s condition, prioritizing the provision of basic medical assistance such as cleaning the wound, stopping the bleeding, and stabilizing the condition until professional medical personnel arrive. If there is a risk of fire or other incidents related to welding equipment, additional preventive measures should be taken such as using fire-fighting equipment and evacuating the hazardous area. After the emergency situation is handled, it is very important to investigate the cause of the accident.

It is necessary to inspect the factors involved, from welding equipment to the work process, to identify errors and adjust appropriate safety measures. Finally, a detailed report should be made and the authorities should be notified, to ensure that similar incidents do not occur in the future and that occupational safety is continuously improved.

III. Occupational Safety and Health for Surface Treatment Staff

1. Job Characteristics of Surface Treatment

The surface treatment work in shock absorber production plays an important role in enhancing the durability and corrosion resistance of the components. This process includes a series of technical steps aimed at protecting and improving the quality of the final product. First, the surface of the shock absorber components is thoroughly cleaned to remove dirt, grease, and other impurities, ensuring that the subsequent treatment layer adheres firmly and evenly. Next, treatment methods such as painting, galvanizing, or chrome plating are applied. Painting helps create a protective layer against environmental impacts and improves the aesthetic appearance of the product. Galvanizing and chrome plating are common techniques to enhance corrosion resistance, helping the components maintain performance and long-term durability even in harsh environmental conditions.

The surface treatment process requires precision and strict quality control to ensure a uniform coating without defects. Each step in the surface treatment process needs to be carried out carefully to ensure that the shock absorber components meet the requirements for durability and performance throughout their service life.

2. Types of Occupational Accidents during Surface Treatment

During the surface treatment of shock absorber parts, workers may encounter several types of occupational accidents due to hazardous factors related to chemicals, equipment, and the work process. One of the common types of accidents is burns or skin irritation, which occurs when in contact with chemicals such as paint, solvents, or plating substances. These chemicals can cause serious reactions if not used or handled correctly. In addition, when using coating or plating equipment, accidents such as scrapes, cuts, or impacts can occur due to direct contact with moving parts or sharp surfaces of the equipment. Incidents related to an inefficient ventilation system can also cause respiratory problems, as workers inhale dust or toxic fumes from the surface treatment processes.

On the other hand, working in a humid or unstable environment can lead to slips or falls, causing serious injuries. To minimize these risks, strict adherence to regulations on personal protective equipment, equipment inspection, and maintaining a safe working condition is very important.

3. Causes of Occupational Accidents during Surface Treatment

Occupational accidents during the surface treatment of shock absorber parts often stem from various causes. One of the main causes is unsafe contact with chemicals. Coating products, solvents, and plating substances can cause skin irritation or burns if not handled correctly, so personal protective measures such as gloves, safety glasses, and masks are needed. Another cause is a lack of an effective ventilation system, which causes chemical fumes or toxic dust to not be removed in a timely manner, leading to respiratory problems or other health reactions. Equipment failure also plays an important role; coating or plating equipment, if not properly maintained or operated incorrectly, can cause accidents such as scrapes, cuts, or impacts.

In addition, an unstable work environment, such as a slippery floor or a cluttered work area, can cause accidents such as slips or falls. Finally, a lack of training or proper guidance for employees on procedures and safety measures also contributes to an increased risk of occupational accidents. To minimize these risks, it is very necessary to fully implement safety measures and training for workers.

4. Measures to Prevent Occupational Accidents during Surface Treatment

To prevent occupational accidents during the surface treatment process, implementing safety measures is very important. First, it is necessary to ensure that all employees are fully trained on the treatment process and related safety measures. This includes guidance on how to use and store chemicals, equipment, as well as personal protective measures. Personal protective equipment such as gloves, dust masks, and goggles must be used regularly to protect workers from the risk of exposure to toxic chemicals.

The ventilation system must also be maintained and periodically checked to ensure that the air in the work area is always clean and well-ventilated, minimizing the risk of inhaling toxic fumes. Coating and plating equipment needs to be regularly maintained and inspected to ensure they operate safely and efficiently. At the same time, the work environment must be kept clean and tidy, with slip prevention measures implemented. Finally, establishing and implementing emergency response procedures such as first aid and response to chemical incidents is necessary to ensure that all emergency situations are handled quickly and effectively. These measures will help to reduce the risk of accidents and ensure a safe work environment for all employees.

5. Occupational Safety Regulations for Surface Treatment

In the surface treatment of shock absorber parts, compliance with occupational safety regulations is necessary to ensure the safety of workers and maintain product quality. First, the regulations require the use of full personal protective equipment, including chemical-resistant gloves, safety glasses, and masks to prevent direct contact with toxic chemicals such as paint and solvents. The ventilation system in the treatment area must be installed and regularly maintained to ensure the air is always well-ventilated and to limit the accumulation of chemical fumes.

Surface treatment equipment such as painting machines and plating equipment must be regularly inspected and maintained to ensure they operate safely and efficiently. The work process needs to be clearly established and employees must strictly adhere to it, including safe handling procedures and emergency response measures. In particular, risk prevention measures such as maintaining a clean and tidy work environment and applying safety methods to reduce the risk of slips or other accidents must be implemented. Finally, organizing regular training and drills for employees on regulations and safety measures is necessary to raise awareness and skills, ensuring maximum safety during the work process.

6. Handling Emergency Occupational Accidents during Surface Treatment

When an occupational accident occurs during the surface treatment of shock absorber parts, timely and effective response is extremely important to limit damage and ensure the safety of workers. First, it is necessary to quickly assess the situation and determine the severity of the accident. If there is contact with toxic chemicals, such as paint or plating solution, the victim should be moved out of the affected area immediately and the chemicals should be washed off the skin with clean water for a maximum of 15 minutes. If there are no serious reactions, they should be taken to the nearest medical facility for examination.

In the case of burns or scrapes from equipment, first aid should be given immediately by cleaning the wound and bandaging it, while seeking timely medical help to avoid infection or other complications. If an incident related to the ventilation system or machinery occurs, it is necessary to cut off the power supply and report the incident to the technical department to ensure the safety of the entire work area.

It is also equally important to immediately notify the relevant authorities and prepare a report of the incident to investigate the cause and prevent recurrence. Finally, holding a meeting to learn from the experience and update the safety measures after the incident helps to raise awareness and better prepare for emergency situations in the future.

IV. Occupational Safety and Health for Assembly Staff

1. Job Characteristics of Assembly

In the assembly stage, the machined and surface-treated parts will be combined to create a complete shock absorber product. This process requires precision and thoroughness, as each component, including the shock absorber, tube, and spring system, must be installed in the correct position and securely connected to ensure the stability and effectiveness of the final product.

The assembly work begins with checking the components to ensure they fully meet quality standards. Then, the parts are joined together according to technical instructions, including tightening screws, connecting parts by welding or mechanical methods, and checking the joints to ensure there are no problems. The coordination and precise work of each technician are decisive factors in ensuring that the shock absorber operates effectively and safely when put into use.

In particular, assembly requires a high level of attention to small details and synchronization between parts to avoid errors that could affect the performance of the product. The final inspection and testing steps will be performed to ensure that the finished product meets quality and safety standards before leaving the production line.

2. Types of Occupational Accidents during Assembly

During the assembly of shock absorber parts, occupational accidents can occur for various reasons. One of the common accidents is injury from impact or being pinched by hard and sharp parts, such as the shock absorber and tube. These impacts can lead to fractures, scrapes, or serious injuries if not properly protected.

In addition, incidents during the tightening of screws or connecting by welding can cause accidents, especially when using tools incorrectly or when the equipment is damaged. Situations such as burns from contact with hot equipment or injuries from dropping heavy components are not uncommon.

Another problem that can occur is an accident due to a lack of attention or non-compliance with the safety procedures when working, leading to a serious incident. These accidents not only affect the health of the worker but can also disrupt the production process, increasing the risk of encountering unforeseen incidents. Therefore, full awareness and compliance with safety measures are necessary to minimize risks during the assembly process.

3. Causes of Occupational Accidents during Assembly

Occupational accidents during the assembly of shock absorber parts often stem from several main causes. First, a lack of attention and carelessness in the work process is a common cause, leading to accidents such as being pinched by mechanical parts or being hit by heavy components. Non-compliance with safety procedures and a lack of concentration at work can increase the risk of encountering unwanted incidents.

Second, the use of improper tools and equipment or inadequate maintenance also contributes to accidents. Damaged or unsuitable tools can cause incidents during assembly, such as overtightening screws or damaging the assembled parts.

In addition, a lack of training or a lack of proficiency in assembly techniques can also lead to accidents. Technicians who are not fully trained may make mistakes in the assembly process, creating dangerous situations. Finally, unsafe working conditions, such as a lack of space or poor lighting, also increase the risk of occupational accidents. Identifying and rectifying these causes is key to improving occupational safety during the assembly process.

4. Measures to Prevent Occupational Accidents during Assembly

To prevent occupational accidents during the assembly of shock absorber parts, compliance with safety measures is extremely important. First, employees need to be fully trained on the assembly process and how to use tools and equipment safely. A clear understanding of the implementation steps and potential risks helps to minimize the risk of accidents.

Regular maintenance and inspection of tools and equipment are essential. Ensuring that all tools such as wrenches, screwdrivers, and welding equipment are working properly and are properly maintained helps to prevent incidents during assembly.

Providing full personal protective equipment, such as gloves, safety glasses, and protective clothing, is also an important measure. This equipment helps protect employees from injuries due to impact, cutting, or contact with hot materials.

Furthermore, maintaining a clean and tidy work environment is necessary to minimize the risk of accidents. Ensuring that the workspace is reasonably organized, with adequate lighting and ventilation, will help to improve safety and work efficiency. Finally, employees should be encouraged to immediately report any potential hazards or unsafe situations, for timely adjustment and prevention of incidents.

5. Occupational Safety Regulations for Assembly

Occupational safety regulations in the assembly of shock absorber parts are very important to ensure the health and safety of employees. First, all assembly workers must be formally trained on the assembly process and occupational safety. They need to be proficient in the use of tools and equipment, as well as the product quality inspection process.

In addition, the use of personal protective equipment is mandatory. Cut-resistant gloves, safety glasses, and protective clothing should be worn throughout the work process to protect against potential hazards such as impact, cutting, or contact with hot materials.

Another important regulation is to maintain a clean and tidy work area. Any excess items, tools, or components should be carefully arranged to avoid obstruction or danger during the assembly process. At the same time, workers must strictly adhere to safety procedures when moving and installing heavy or large parts.

Finally, regular inspection of tools and equipment is necessary to ensure they are working well and do not cause incidents during the assembly process. This regulation helps to prevent risks related to equipment failure and contributes to creating a safe and efficient work environment.

6. Handling Emergency Occupational Accidents during Assembly

When an occupational accident occurs during the assembly of shock absorber parts, a quick and effective emergency response is extremely important to minimize the consequences. First, it is necessary to provide first aid to the victim immediately. Workers need to be trained in basic first aid, including checking the victim’s condition, providing initial first aid measures such as bandaging the wound, and checking for consciousness.

Immediately after first aid, the accident should be reported to the management department and emergency medical services if necessary. This helps to ensure that the victim receives appropriate and timely medical care.

In addition, the accident area should be quickly isolated to avoid affecting other workers and to prevent the risk of further accidents. At the same time, other workers should be instructed on how to handle the emergency situation and return to work when the situation has been controlled.

Finally, it is necessary to investigate the cause of the accident to learn from the experience and adjust the work process as well as safety measures. This not only helps to improve the current safety regulations but also helps to prevent similar accidents in the future.