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This document provides detailed information on occupational safety for operating a grader truck, including necessary regulations, guidelines, and safety measures. Discover the key factors to ensure a safe working environment and minimize the risk of accidents when operating a grader.

Table of Contents

PART I: CURRENT STATE OF SAFETY FOR WORK INVOLVING GRADER TRUCKS

I. General Situation

The Ministry of Labour, Invalids and Social Affairs informs sectors and localities of the occupational accident situation in the first 6 months of 2024 and outlines key solutions to proactively prevent incidents and accidents in the last 6 months of 2024. According to reports from 61 out of 63 centrally governed provinces and cities, in the first 6 months of 2024, there were a total of 3,201 occupational accidents nationwide (a decrease of 227 cases, equivalent to 7.09% compared to the same period in 2023), resulting in 3,065 victims (a decrease of 197 people, equivalent to 6.04% compared to the first 6 months of 2023), including both employees under labor contracts and those working without labor contracts. Specifically:

Number of fatal occupational accidents: 320 cases, a decrease of 25 cases (7.25%) compared to the first 6 months of 2023 (including 245 cases in areas with labor relations, a decrease of 28 cases or 10.3%; and 75 cases in areas without labor contracts, an increase of 3 cases or 4.2% compared to the first 6 months of 2023);
Number of deaths due to occupational accidents: 346 people, a decrease of 7 people or 1.98% compared to the same period in 2023 (including 268 in areas with labor relations, a decrease of 13 people or 4.63%; and 78 in areas without labor contracts, an increase of 6 people or 8.33%).
Number of people seriously injured: 810 people, an increase of 26 people or 3.32% compared to the first 6 months of 2023 (including 710 in areas with labor relations, a decrease of 5 people or 0.7%; and 100 in areas without labor contracts, an increase of 31 people or 44.92%).

Download the PDF file Occupational Accident Report – First 6 Months of 2024 issued by the Ministry of Labour, Invalids and Social Affairs.

The occupational accident situation in the first 6 months of 2024 in both sectors with and without labor relations saw a decrease in the number of deaths and fatal accidents compared to the same period in 2023.

II. Some Occupational Accidents While Operating a Grader Truck

Operating a grader, while a crucial part of construction and road maintenance, carries numerous risks of occupational accidents if not performed safely and carefully. Below are some common occupational accidents that occur when operating a grader:

Collision with unexpected obstacles: Graders often work in areas with many obstacles such as rocks, trees, or other construction materials. Colliding with these obstacles can lead to serious accidents, not only damaging the vehicle but also threatening the lives of the operator and those nearby.
Vehicle rollover due to difficult terrain: Graders often have to work on uneven and sometimes dangerous terrain. The imbalance of the vehicle on hilly terrain or swampy ground can lead to a rollover, causing severe injuries to the operator.
Risks when working near hazardous areas: When operating a grader near dangerous areas like cliffs, deep pits, or unstable road surfaces, the operator faces the risk of falling into a dangerous situation and serious accidents.
Risk of collision with other vehicles: While working on the road, a grader can collide with other vehicles such as trucks, motorcycles, or other traffic. This collision can have serious consequences for both the driver and other road users.
Accidents due to lack of knowledge about the vehicle’s operation: The operator must have a clear understanding of the grader’s operation and control systems. A lack of this understanding can lead to mistakes or risky maneuvers, causing regrettable accidents.

Understanding and recognizing the potential risks when operating a grader is very important to ensure the safety of oneself and everyone around in a construction work environment.

PART II: OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH WHEN OPERATING A GRADER TRUCK

I. Introduction

A. Overview of the Importance of Occupational Safety When Operating a Grader Truck

Occupational safety when operating a grader is an indispensable part of the construction and road maintenance environment. This not only ensures the protection of the operator but also the safety of everyone involved in the work process. The importance of ensuring occupational safety when operating a grader can be seen through the following points:

First, adhering to safety regulations and procedures when operating a grader helps to minimize the risk of occupational accidents and injuries to the operator. By using safety measures such as wearing a helmet, and correctly installing and using personal protective equipment, the operator can protect themselves from potential dangers during work.

Second, implementing occupational safety when operating a grader also ensures the safety of those around. Graders often work near residential areas and other workers. By following safety rules, the operator helps to minimize the risk of causing accidents to other workers and people on the road.

B. Key Safety Protocols and Regulations for Operating a Grader Truck

Training and Certification: Operators must be fully trained on how to use and operate a grader. This includes understanding the controls, braking system, and safety procedures. Additionally, having the appropriate certification is a crucial factor for operating a grader.
Pre-use Safety Inspection: Before starting work, the operator must thoroughly inspect the condition of the grader, including the braking system, lights, and other important parts. Any damage must be repaired immediately before operation.
Use of Personal Protective Equipment: Wearing a helmet, gloves, safety glasses, and a high-visibility vest are important measures to protect the operator from the risk of accidents and injuries during work.
Adherence to Traffic Rules: On public roads, the operator must comply with traffic rules and respect other vehicles. Maintaining a safe distance, using signals, and performing safe operating maneuvers are crucial to avoid accidents.
Perform Regular Maintenance: Regular maintenance ensures that the grader always operates stably and safely. Periodic inspection and maintenance help to detect technical problems early and prevent unwanted accidents.

II. Components and Functions of a Grader Truck

A. Different Components of a Grader Truck

Blade: This is a main part of the grader, attached underneath the vehicle to level or prepare the road surface. The blade’s angle and depth can be adjusted to adapt to the specific requirements of the job.
Axle and Wheel System: A grader is typically equipped with an axle and wheel system for movement and control on the ground. This system provides stability and flexible maneuverability during operation.
Steering and Control System: The grader’s steering and control system allows the operator to adjust the direction of movement and the vehicle’s operations. By using controls and a steering wheel, the operator can precisely control the vehicle’s movements on the ground.
Engine and Drivetrain System: The engine provides power to the grader, and the drivetrain system transmits motion from the engine to the wheels. This helps the grader move and operate effectively during work.
Braking System: The grader’s braking system is very important for ensuring safety during operation. This system includes both primary and auxiliary brakes, helping the operator control speed and stop safely when necessary.

B. Structure and Operating Principle of a Grader Truck

Chassis: This is the basic frame of the vehicle, holding the various components together and allowing them to work in unison. The chassis is usually made of sturdy steel to withstand pressure and impacts during work.
Engine: The main power source of the grader, the engine is usually located at the front or in the middle of the vehicle. The engine provides the necessary power to move the vehicle and operate its various parts.
Axle and Wheel System: A grader is typically equipped with an axle and wheel system for movement and control on the ground. This system provides stability and flexible maneuverability during operation.
Blade: The main component of the grader, the blade is attached underneath the vehicle to level or prepare the road surface. The blade’s angle and depth can be adjusted to adapt to the specific requirements of the job.

C. Applications in the Construction Industry of a Grader Truck

Leveling Road Surfaces: Graders are used to flatten and smooth road surfaces by using the blade to cut and adjust the soil layer. This process helps create a flat and even road surface, increasing safety and comfort for driving.
Creating New Roads: Graders are also used to create new roads by cutting and shaping the land according to the terrain. This includes leveling and removing unnecessary sections of earth to create a complete new road.
Maintaining Old Roads: In addition to building new roads, graders are also used to maintain and improve old road sections. Leveling and adjusting the ground surface helps improve the quality and lifespan of existing roads.
Constructing Dams and Embankments: Graders can also be used to build and maintain dams and embankments. Leveling and adjusting the ground surface helps create reliable structures to control water flow and protect the surrounding area.

D. Risks Associated with Operating a Grader Truck

Risk of Collision and Accidents: Graders often have to work in areas with many obstacles and other vehicles. Inattention or loss of control can lead to collisions and accidents, not only damaging the vehicle but also threatening the lives of the operator and those nearby.
Risk of Rollover: Graders often have to work on uneven and sometimes dangerous terrain. The imbalance of the vehicle on hilly or swampy ground can lead to a rollover, causing severe injuries to the operator and danger to those nearby.
Risk of Damaging Road Infrastructure: Careless operation of a grader can cause damage or destruction to road infrastructure such as the roadbed, sidewalks, or drainage systems.
Occupational Accidents and Personal Injuries: Risks such as collisions, rollovers, or damaging road infrastructure can lead to occupational accidents and personal injuries for the operator and other workers in the vicinity.

III. Safety Inspection and Maintenance Before Operating a Grader Truck

A. Pre-Operation Safety Check for a Grader Truck

Check the Blade: Ensure the grader’s blade is not damaged and is sharp enough to perform the job. Check for any signs of cracks, breaks, or wear on the blade and replace it if necessary.
Check the Braking System: Inspect the braking system to ensure it is working correctly and has sufficient performance. Check both the primary and auxiliary brakes to ensure safety during operation.
Check the Steering and Control System: Ensure the grader’s steering and control system operates smoothly and accurately. Check the steering wheel, controls, and other components to ensure there are no malfunctions or risks during operation.
Check Lights and Signals: Ensure the grader’s lighting and signaling systems are working correctly. This includes checking the headlights, taillights, turn signals, and emergency warning lights.
Check the Exhaust System: Inspect the exhaust system to ensure there are no leaks or breaks, especially for toxic fumes. Ensure this system is operating effectively to protect the operator’s health and the environment.

B. Guide to Periodic Maintenance of a Grader Truck

Change Engine Oil and Oil Filter: Change the engine oil according to the schedule specified in the manufacturer’s manual. At the same time, the oil filter should also be replaced to remove dirt and impurities from the system.
Check and Replace Coolant: Check the coolant level and ensure it is sufficient to cool the engine during operation. Change the coolant periodically to ensure optimal cooling performance.
Check the Braking System: Check the thickness of the brake pads and ensure there is no excessive wear. Replace the brake pads if necessary and inspect the brake system to ensure safe operation.
Check the Electrical System: Inspect the electrical system and other electrical components such as controllers, lights, and sensors. Replace burnt-out bulbs and check wiring to ensure there are no leaks or damage.
Maintain the Blade: Inspect the blade and adjust it if necessary to ensure its sharpness. Replace the blade if needed and clean other parts like the pivot and bearings.

IV. Safe Operating Procedure for a Grader Truck

A. Step-by-Step Guide to Safely Operating a Grader Truck

Pre-start Safety Check: Before starting operation, perform a full safety check on the vehicle. Ensure that systems like brakes, lights, and steering are working correctly.
Wear Personal Protective Equipment: Before getting on the vehicle, the operator must ensure they are wearing adequate personal protective equipment such as a helmet, safety glasses, and gloves to protect themselves in case of an accident.
Control Speed and Distance: When operating the grader on the road, always maintain a safe speed and a safe distance from other vehicles. Use the braking system and speed control gently and accurately.
Respect Signs and Traffic Rules: Obey traffic signs and rules on the road, especially when operating the grader near residential areas or working near other vehicles.
Maintain Cleanliness and Perform Regular Maintenance: Maintain cleanliness and perform regular maintenance on the grader to ensure safe and efficient operation. Ensure that all parts of the vehicle are working correctly and there are no malfunctions.

B. Emergency Procedures and Incident Response Mechanisms When Operating a Grader Truck

Stop the Vehicle Immediately: If any incident that could threaten safety is detected, the operator must stop the vehicle immediately and ensure it does not affect other vehicles or the surrounding area.
Contact Management or Control Center: In case of a serious incident, the operator needs to inform management or the control center to receive support and specific instructions on how to handle the situation.
Quickly Inspect and Rectify the Incident: After ensuring the safety of oneself and those around, the operator needs to inspect and determine the cause of the incident and take corrective measures quickly and effectively.
Implement Safety Measures: During incident response, the operator must adhere to safety measures such as wearing personal protective equipment, limiting direct contact with the causes of the incident, and informing others about the situation.
Record and Report the Incident: After resolving the incident, the operator should make notes about what happened and report it to management or the relevant department to ensure preventive measures can be implemented in the future.

V. Risk Assessment and Hazard Management When Operating a Grader Truck

A. Identifying Potential Risks and Hazards in Operating a Grader Truck

Risk of Collision and Traffic Accidents: Graders often have to operate in complex road environments, with the presence of many other vehicles and road users. The risk of collision and traffic accidents can occur due to inattention, traffic violations, or loss of vehicle control.
Risk of Rollover: With their large size and heavy weight, graders are at risk of rolling over when operating on uneven or excessively steep terrain. Imbalance or loss of control can lead to a rollover, endangering the operator and those nearby.
Risk of Impact with Materials and Objects: During operation, the grader may collide with construction materials or other objects on the road, causing damage to the vehicle or endangering pedestrians and other road users.
Risk of Damage to Road Infrastructure: Careless operation or loss of control can cause damage or destruction to road infrastructure such as the roadbed, sidewalks, or drainage systems, posing a risk to movement and traffic safety.

B. Effective Hazard Prevention Strategies When Operating a Grader Truck

1. Regular Inspection and Maintenance of the Grader Truck for Safe Operation

Change Engine Oil and Oil Filter: Change the engine oil and filter periodically according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Fresh engine oil and a clean filter help protect and cool the engine, ensuring powerful and durable operation.
Check the Braking System: Check the thickness of the brake pads and rotors to ensure the braking system operates effectively. Replace pads and rotors if necessary to ensure safety during operation.
Check the Cooling System: Check the coolant level and inspect the cooling system to ensure there are no leaks and that it has enough capacity to cool the engine during operation.
Check the Electrical System: Check the lights, sensors, and controllers to ensure the electrical system is functioning correctly. Replace burnt-out bulbs and check wiring to ensure there are no leaks or damage.
Check the Blade and Steering System: Check the blade to ensure its sharpness and inspect the steering system to ensure there is no looseness or loss of control.

2. Adhere to Occupational Safety Regulations for Safe Operation of a Grader Truck

Training and Instruction: All operators and related personnel must be fully trained and instructed on safety procedures and grader operation before performing the work.
Wear Personal Protective Equipment: Everyone involved in operating or working near a grader must ensure they wear adequate personal protective equipment such as a helmet, sun-protective clothing, safety glasses, and safety boots to protect themselves.
Supervision and Inspection: Supervision must be carried out strictly to ensure that everyone is complying with safety regulations and performing their work safely.
Use of Protective Devices: Ensure that all protective devices such as the braking system, lighting, and warning horn are functioning correctly and are regularly maintained.
Minimize Labor Risks: Implement measures to minimize labor risks such as limiting working hours, providing accident prevention measures, and supplying support equipment.

3. Identify and Mark Safe Zones When Operating a Grader Truck

Define a Safe Work Zone: Before starting operation, a safe work zone for the grader must be defined. Ensure that no people or objects are within the vehicle’s operating area.
Mark Hazardous Areas: Use signs or marking tape to identify and mark hazardous areas around the grader. This helps to warn workers and pedestrians of the vehicle’s presence.
Restrict Access to the Operating Area: Ensure that only essential personnel are allowed to access the grader’s operating area. Use barriers or “No Entry” signs to prevent unnecessary access.
Maintain a Safe Distance: Instruct those working around the grader to maintain a safe distance and not to approach too closely while the vehicle is in operation.
Enforce Supervision and Compliance: Conduct close supervision and ensure that everyone complies with the safety regulations and measures applied in the grader’s operating area.

4. Use Personal Protective Equipment When Operating a Grader Truck

Helmet: A helmet is one of the most important pieces of protective equipment when operating a grader. It protects the head and brain from head injuries, impacts, and falling objects.
Safety Glasses: Safety glasses help protect the eyes from dust, sand, and materials thrown from the ground during operation, especially when working in dusty conditions or with a risk of chemical exposure.
Protective Gloves: Protective gloves help protect hands from cuts, tears, and burns when in contact with sharp surfaces, high temperatures, or chemicals.
Protective Clothing: Protective shirts and pants provide protection for the body against hazards such as impacts, abrasions, and chemicals.
Safety Boots: Water-resistant, anti-slip safety boots with sturdy soles help protect feet and toes from accident risks when operating a grader.

5. Emergency Procedures and Response in Case of an Incident When Operating a Grader Truck

Stay Calm and Assess the Situation: As soon as an incident is detected, the operator should remain calm and carefully assess the situation. Determine the cause of the incident and evaluate the level of danger.
Protect Yourself and Others: Ensure your own safety and that of those around you by moving out of the danger zone and providing first aid to the injured if necessary.
Contact the Control Center or Management: Notify the control center or management about the incident and request necessary assistance. Provide detailed information about the situation to receive timely support.
Take Emergency Measures: Implement emergency measures such as shutting down the engine, cutting off the power supply, or preventing contact with hazardous substances to stop the situation from worsening.
Document and Report the Incident: Document the incident in detail and the measures taken, then report to management or the relevant department to ensure preventive measures can be applied in the future.

6. Participate in Occupational Safety Courses for Operating a Grader Truck

Occupational safety and health training is not only a legal requirement but also a commitment to the safety and health of workers. It helps employees recognize and deal with risks and dangerous situations, thereby minimizing accidents, injuries, or fatalities in their daily work.

The risk of accidents is always present and can occur at any time in the work environment due to the potential for human error and the inability to foresee every situation. This emphasizes the necessity of Occupational Safety Training and continuous vigilance.

When participating in occupational safety training at An Toan Nam Viet Center, workers will be systematically trained from theory to real-life risk scenarios. Accordingly, measures will be taught to identify and prevent occupational accident risks that may occur during work. After the training course, trainees will take occupational safety tests to obtain an occupational safety certificate. This ensures that workers will have a clear understanding of safety knowledge as well as a valid certification for employment.

VI. Factors Affecting Occupational Safety When Operating a Grader Truck

A. How Weather Conditions Affect the Operation of a Grader Truck

Rain and Snow: In rainy or snowy conditions, the road surface can be slippery and difficult to control, increasing the risk of losing control and accidents. Operators must adjust their speed and driving technique to ensure safety.
High Temperatures: In high temperatures, the engine and cooling system may not operate efficiently, leading to the risk of overheating and breakdown. Regular inspection and maintenance become more important than ever to ensure the smooth operation of the vehicle.
Low Light Conditions: In low light conditions, such as early morning or late evening, the operator’s visibility may be limited, increasing the risk of collision or impact with unexpected objects.
Strong Winds: Strong winds can reduce the vehicle’s control and stability, especially when operating on high ground with crosswinds. Operators must adjust their speed and be more cautious when driving in strong winds.
Fog and Smoke: Fog and smoke can reduce visibility and obscure the surrounding area, increasing the risk of collisions and accidents. Operators must maintain a safe distance and be more attentive in these conditions.

B. How the Work Environment Affects the Operation of a Grader Truck

Terrain and Road Surface: Although graders are designed to operate on all types of terrain, different terrain conditions can affect the vehicle’s performance and control. Uneven, sunken, rocky, or sandy surfaces can increase the risk of losing control.
Slope and Curvature of the Road: The slope and curvature of the road can also affect grader operation. On steep slopes, the vehicle may lose control or be difficult to steer, while sharp curves may require more flexible driving techniques.
Lighting and Weather Conditions: Poor lighting conditions, such as early in the morning or late in the evening, as well as adverse weather conditions like rain, snow, or fog, can reduce visibility and increase the risk of accidents.
Work Environment: The work environment can also affect grader operation. Factors such as air pollution, dust, or noise can create difficulties for the operator and affect their concentration.

C. How the Technical Condition of the Grader Truck Affects its Operation

Steering and Control System: If the vehicle’s steering or control system is not functioning correctly, it can lead to a loss of control and difficulty in maneuvering the vehicle.
Braking System: A weak or faulty braking system can increase the risk of accidents and reduce the vehicle’s ability to stop, especially on slippery roads or downhill slopes.
Engine and Drivetrain: A weak or malfunctioning engine can affect the vehicle’s operational capability, especially when traversing difficult terrain or carrying heavy loads.
Suspension and Chassis System: A weak suspension system can reduce the vehicle’s stability on rough terrain, while damage to the chassis system can reduce the vehicle’s durability and safety.
Adjustment and Leveling System: If the vehicle’s adjustment and leveling system is not working correctly, it can affect the performance and accuracy of the grading work.

D. How the Safety Knowledge and Skills of the Worker Affect the Operation of a Grader Truck

Understanding of Vehicle Operation: Knowledge of how a grader operates is essential to understand and anticipate situations that may arise during operation. Workers need to know about the main components of the vehicle and how to use them effectively.
Driving Skills: Driving a grader requires patience, concentration, and sharpness in controlling the vehicle on all types of terrain and in various weather conditions. Workers must have good driving skills to ensure their own safety and that of others around them.
Knowledge of Occupational Safety: Understanding occupational safety regulations and measures is extremely important to ensure safety during operation. Workers need to know how to use personal protective equipment and adhere to safety regulations in all situations.
Emergency Response Skills: The ability to react quickly and accurately in emergency situations is a key factor in ensuring safety when operating a grader. Workers need to be trained on how to handle dangerous situations effectively and safely.

VII. Occupational Safety Training for Safe Operation Skills of a Grader Truck

A. Why Grader Truck Operators Need Occupational Safety Training

Personal Safety: Occupational safety training helps operators understand the risks and hazards of operating a grader and how to prevent them. This helps protect their own health and safety and that of others in the work environment.
Reduce Accident Risk: Trained operators will know how to handle dangerous situations correctly and effectively, thereby reducing the risk of accidents and injuries while operating the grader.
Work Efficiency: Occupational safety training not only teaches operators how to operate the vehicle safely but also helps them understand work processes and use equipment effectively, thereby enhancing performance and work quality.
Legal Compliance: Occupational safety training helps operators understand and comply with legal regulations related to grader operation, thus avoiding violations and potential penalties.
Increase Career Opportunities: Having an occupational safety training certificate will help operators have better career opportunities and open up avenues for advancement in the field of grader operation.

B. Where to get Occupational Safety Training for Operating a Grader Truck?

An Toan Nam Viet is a reputable and high-quality occupational safety training center in Vietnam today. With occupational safety training sessions held continuously at production workshops, factories, or construction sites across the country (63 provinces in Vietnam).

To ensure the effectiveness of the training, An Toan Nam Viet prepares carefully and meticulously, down to the smallest detail. From preparing tools, instruments, and teaching equipment to curriculum, materials, sound, and lighting.

The occupational safety training instructors at An Toan Nam Viet are experts with many years of experience in the field. They even have research works on identifying hazards in all industries and how to prevent them.

The instructors’ lectures are drawn from practical experience and delivered in a vivid, easy-to-understand manner to the workers. These factors help workers feel comfortable during the learning period and absorb the taught knowledge well. Of course, the knowledge conveyed always adheres to Decree 44/2016/ND-CP. This helps them learn many measures to prevent hazards and how to protect themselves, while also applying it most appropriately in their actual work.

VIII. The Significance of Occupational Safety in Operating a Grader Truck

A. The Importance of Maintaining Occupational Safety in Operating a Grader Truck

Protecting Worker Health: Safety measures such as wearing personal protective equipment and following safety procedures help protect the operator’s health from the risks and hazards of operating a grader.
Reducing the Risk of Occupational Accidents: Implementing safety measures and complying with safety regulations helps reduce the risk of occupational accidents, thereby protecting the lives and health of workers.
Improving Work Performance: A safe working environment creates favorable conditions for workers to work with more focus and efficiency, thereby improving performance and work quality.
Enhancing Company Reputation: A safe working environment not only enhances the company’s reputation within the labor community but also helps attract and retain talented employees.
Complying with Legal Regulations: Maintaining occupational safety is mandatory by law; violations can result in fines and cause financial and reputational damage to the business.

B. Important Safety Measures to Understand Before Operating a Grader Truck

Pre-trip Vehicle Inspection: Before starting operation, the driver must thoroughly inspect the vehicle’s main systems such as brakes, lights, and tires to ensure they are working correctly.
Ensure Clear Visibility: Visibility is a key factor in operating a grader. The driver must ensure that the windshield and mirrors are clean and not fogged up to have the best possible view.
Adjust Speed and Velocity: Adjusting speed and velocity appropriately is extremely important when operating a grader, especially when working on varied terrain and in different weather conditions.
Maintain a Safe Distance: The driver must maintain a safe distance from other vehicles and obstacles to have enough time and space to react when necessary.
Comply with Traffic Regulations: While operating on public roads, the driver must comply with all traffic regulations and show respect and attention to other road users.

Participate in Occupational Safety Training: Complete an occupational safety training course to be issued an occupational safety card by a safety training center to properly supplement your work records.