Occupational Safety Training Document for Automobile Operation

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TRAINING DOCUMENTS FOR SAFE OPERATION AND REPAIR OF CARS (English version)

The occupational safety training document for operating automobiles helps workers equip themselves with safety knowledge and prevent hazards when operating and repairing cars.

PART I: CURRENT STATE OF SAFETY FOR DRIVING, REPAIRING, AND MAINTAINING AUTOMOBILES

I. General Situation

Traffic accidents in the first 6 months of 2020 (from December 15, 2019, to June 14, 2020): Nationwide, there were 6,790 traffic accidents, resulting in 3,242 deaths and 4,939 injuries. Compared to the first 6 months of 2019, the number of traffic accidents decreased by 1,595 cases (a 19.02% decrease), the number of deaths decreased by 568 people (a 14.91% decrease), and the number of injured people decreased by

1,419 people (a 22.32% decrease). Among them: Traffic accidents of moderate severity or higher: Roadways: There were 3,775 cases, resulting in 3,165 deaths and 1,918 injuries. Compared to the same period last year, this was a decrease of 523 cases (-12.17%), 573 deaths (-15.33%), and 371 injuries (-16.21%). Railways: There were 44 cases, resulting in 37 deaths and 9 injuries. Compared to the same period last year, this was a decrease of 31 cases (-41.33%), 16 deaths (-30.19%), and 21 injuries (-70%). Waterways: There were 38 cases, resulting in 33 deaths and 4 injuries. Compared to the same period last year, this was an increase of 13 cases (+52%), 17 deaths (+106.25%), and 1 injury (+33.33%). Maritime: There were 7 cases, resulting in 7 deaths and no injuries. Compared to the same period last year, this was an increase of 1 case (+16.67%), 4 deaths and missing persons (+133.33%), with the number of injured remaining unchanged (0/0). Traffic collisions: There were 2,926 cases, resulting in 3,008 minor injuries. Compared to the same period in 2019, this was a decrease of 1,055 cases (-26.5%) and 1,028 minor injuries (-25.47%). Also according to the consolidated report from the Office of the National Traffic Safety Committee, in June 2020 (from May 15, 2020, to June 14, 2020), there were 1,135 accidents nationwide, resulting in 489 deaths and 871 injuries. Compared to the same month in 2019, this was a decrease of 264 cases (-18.87%), 142 deaths (-22.5%), and 234 injuries (-21.18%).

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II. Some Car Accidents in the Car Operation Safety Document

September 20, 2020: Woman run over and killed after falling into the road following a collision

On the evening of September 18, the Tan An City Police (Long An) announced that they were coordinating with functional agencies to investigate the scene of a traffic accident where a truck collided with a bus, resulting in 20 passengers being hospitalized for emergency treatment.

According to initial information, at around 7:00 PM on the same day, a bus with license plate 62B – 11.29 (driver’s identity unknown) was carrying many passengers on the National Highway 1 bypass, heading from Ho Chi Minh City to Long An. When it reached the intersection of National Highway 62 and the National Highway 1 bypass in Ward 6, Tan An City, the bus turned left onto National Highway 62 to head to the Long An bus station and was hit directly on its side by a truck with license plate 50LD – 157.70 (driver’s identity unknown) traveling from Tien Giang to Ho Chi Minh City.

As a result, 20 passengers on the bus were injured and had to be taken to Long An General Hospital for emergency treatment and injury assessment. At the scene, the side of the bus was deformed, and the front of the truck was smashed.

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PART II: OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH FOR DRIVING, REPAIRING, AND MAINTAINING AUTOMOBILES

I. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH FOR DRIVERS IN THE CAR OPERATION SAFETY DOCUMENT

1. Professional Characteristics

• Driving is a profession with many difficulties
  • Strenuous, dangerous, stressful
  • Working in changing weather conditions (rain, sun); day, night; population density
  • Drivers must be in good health to drive safely
  • Must have a clear mind, be able to judge situations and handle them reasonably
• Driving is a profession with wide social connections
  • Has the highest social and popular nature
  • Provides opportunities to travel to all regions of the country, experiencing different customs and habits
  • Wide interaction with all classes of the population, acquiring a lot of new information
• Driving is a profession prone to social evils
  • Easy to lead a lax lifestyle
  • Easy to fall into social evils such as: drug addiction, gambling, promiscuity…
• Moral Qualities
  • Respect and comply with legal regulations
  • Honest, straightforward, with a high sense of organization and discipline
  • Hardworking, patient, careful, calm

2. Types of Traffic Accidents in the Car Operation Safety Document

• Collisions
  • Collision with obstacles on the road
  • Collision with other vehicles
• Vehicle Rollover
  • Rollover on the road
  • Rollover into a field or canal
• Fire
  • Vehicle spontaneously combusting while on the road
  • Vehicle spontaneously combusting after a collision
• Plunging into a river or deep ravine
  • Crossing a bridge, canal, or river
  • Crossing a pass or steep slope

3. Causes of Accidents in the Car Operation Safety Document

• Distracted Driving
  • Fatigue from continuous work
  • Drowsiness from lack of sleep
  • Taking medication that causes drowsiness
  • Drunk driving
  • External distractions
  • Eating or drinking while driving
  • Using the phone while driving, listening to music
• Careless Driving and Speeding
  • Carelessness, lack of concentration
  • Aggressiveness, hot-tempered, loss of composure, lack of experience
  • Not understanding or not obeying traffic laws
  • Pressure to reach the destination quickly, meet business goals
• Unsafe Technical Condition of the Vehicle
  • Lack of regular inspection and maintenance
  • Brake failure
  • Loss of steering
  • Tire blowout
  • Lack of lights, reflectors
  • Spontaneous combustion
• Inadequate Infrastructure
  • Bad roads, dusty, slippery, rough roads, potholes, “elephant holes”
  • Winding, narrow roads, lack of safety signs
  • Intersections (road, railway) lacking signs or safety signals
  • Narrow roads without barriers, inadequate lighting
  • Bridges and culverts not meeting the permissible load capacity
• Unfavorable Weather and Environmental Conditions
  • Rain causing slipperiness, landslides, fallen trees
  • Road illusions
  • Fog obscuring visibility
• Accidents caused by other road users
  • Pedestrians crossing the road carelessly
  • Freely roaming animals
  • Other vehicles sideswiping or colliding
  • Other vehicles speeding or recklessly overtaking

4. Prevention Measures

• Regular Vehicle Inspection and Maintenance
  • Regularly inspect and maintain the vehicle according to schedule, following the Regulations on Car Maintenance and Repair (Decision No. 992/2003/QD-BGTVT dated April 9, 2003, of the Ministry of Transport)
  • Reduce the rate of wear on machine parts
  • Prevent and detect damage
  • To maintain the good technical condition of the vehicle
• Practice Safe Braking Skills
  • Sit in the correct driving posture
  • 2/3 of the back rests lightly against the driver’s seat cushion
  • Comfortable vehicle control posture
  • Use basic braking: use a low gear, do not press the clutch
  • Step-by-step braking: release the accelerator and gently press the brake pedal
  • Combined braking: foot brake, hand brake, and engine braking (do not disengage the clutch)
  • Pump the brakes continuously: in an emergency if the brakes do not have ABS
• Correct Technique for Safe Uphill and Downhill Driving
  • Use the same gear going down a hill as you used to go up it
  • Do not coast downhill in neutral, engine braking is less effective
  • On a long downhill slope, if braking is needed, combine braking, reducing gas, downshifting, and releasing the clutch
• Safety Measures for Night Driving:
  • Always keep the car windows clean to ensure visibility
  • Adjust the rearview mirrors
  • When two cars pass each other, switch from high beams to low beams
  • Stay alert to avoid dozing off by taking appropriate rest breaks
• Yielding Skills
  • Pay attention to checking safety in front, to the right, to the left, and behind
  • Proactively yield when a vehicle behind signals to overtake
  • Maintain a safe distance
• Fire Prevention Measures for the Vehicle
  • Some fire and explosion risks in the vehicle
    • Presence of flammable or explosive substances in the vehicle
    • Leaking fuel system
    • Exposed, broken, or overloaded electrical wires causing a short circuit
  • Sparks from the alternator or starter motor
  • Cracked high-voltage wires, loose spark plug caps
  • Damaged engine cooling system
  • Excessively high temperature exhaust system
  • Improper vehicle use, care, and maintenance
    • Vehicle fire prevention measures
  • Proactively check, detect, and promptly fix any issues when the vehicle shows unusual signs
  • Use fuel of the correct type and specified quality
  • Do not leave flammable materials in the car, in the engine compartment, and be equipped with a fire extinguisher
  • Do not install additional electrical accessories such as protective devices, lights, horns
  • Comply with regulations on car maintenance
• Measures Against Fatigue and Drowsiness While Driving
  • Factors causing fatigue
    • Sleep factor: short sleep duration, prolonged sleep deprivation
    • Time factor:
      • working during the time you need to sleep
      • Starting work too early
      • Working many hours continuously
    • Work factor
      • Driving at night
      • Working continuously
    • Poor driving conditions: roads, weather
    • Psychological factors
      • Poor health
      • Emotions taking over (sadness, happiness…)
      • Insomnia

• • • Signs
      • Yawning, tired, weary
      • Lack of concentration
      • Stinging or tired eyes
      • Restlessness
      • Drowsiness
      • Slow reaction
      • Boredom
      • Feeling irritable
      • Inaccurate steering wheel control
      • Not noticing signs, traffic lights
      • Not being able to stay in the lane
      • Unintentionally dozing off

• • How to avoid fatigue and drowsiness
    • Get enough deep sleep before driving
    • Do not take sedatives, alcohol, beer, or alcoholic substances before and during driving
    • Do not drive continuously for more than 4 hours; after about 2 to 3 hours of driving, stop for a rest
    • Set the air conditioner to the outside air mode
    • Exercise regularly and have a balanced diet

5. Occupational Safety and Health for Drivers

• General Regulations
  • Drivers must be of working age
  • Have sufficient health as prescribed by the Ministry of Health
  • Have undergone occupational safety and health training and have a driver’s license appropriate for the type of vehicle driven
  • Comply with the provisions of road traffic law
  • Must use correctly and fully the personal protective equipment provided according to regulations
• Before the vehicle runs, check its technical condition
  • Braking system
  • Tire wear, tire pressure, wheel tightness
  • Steering system
  • Lighting system, signals, horn
  • Windows, wipers, rearview mirrors
  • Fuel, lubricating oil, coolant
  • Check firefighting equipment
• Must wear a seat belt
  • Wear a seat belt according to regulations (Art. 9, Road Traffic Law)
• Comply with traffic signals (Art. 11, Road Traffic Law)
  • Traffic lights
• Comply with speed regulations:
  • Drive within the permitted speed limit (Circular 13/2009/TT-BGTVT)
• Always maintain a safe distance from the vehicle ahead:
  • Maintain the “minimum distance” between two vehicles as regulated, to avoid collision with the vehicle ahead
  • Regulation on minimum distance between two vehicles (Circular 13/2009/TT-BGTVT)
• Ensure safety when overtaking:
  • Check safety in front, to the right, to the left, and behind the vehicle
  • When overtaking, ensure conditions are met (Art. 14, Road Traffic Law)
  • Must signal to overtake with lights or horn (Art. 14, Road Traffic Law)
  • Must have sufficient safe distance
• Ensure safety when changing direction:
  • Must signal before changing direction and only change direction where permitted (Art. 15, Road Traffic Law)
• Do not drink alcohol, beer, or stimulants:
  • Reduces reaction ability to dangerous situations
  • Reduces judgment ability
  • Creates a false sense of confidence, causes drowsiness, fatigue
• Ensure compliance with regulated driving times:
  • Do not drive more than 10 hours in a day
  • Do not drive continuously for more than 4 hours
  • Ensure adequate rest time
• For truck drivers
  • It is forbidden to carry people in the truck bed
  • It is forbidden to inspect or make minor repairs while the vehicle is being loaded
  • Do not carry cargo that exceeds the dimensions of the truck bed
  • Unloading is only permitted after receiving an order from the receiving location.
  • It is forbidden to load or unload goods while the vehicle is not completely stopped
  • When leaving the vehicle for a break, the driver must turn off the engine, apply the handbrake, engage a gear, remove the key, and lock the doors
  • When refueling, the engine must be turned off

6. Handling Emergency Situations

• Brake Failure: quickly downshift to a lower gear
  • Stay calm
  • Release the accelerator
  • Feel the brake pedal
  • Pump the brake pedal continuously
  • Shift to a lower gear
  • Use the handbrake
  • Maintain a clear line of sight
  • Signal to other vehicles
  • Use obstacles to reduce speed
  • Look for a possible point of impact
• Loss of Steering
  • Causes:
    • Vehicle technical fault: tire blowout, steering system failure.
    • Driver error: not controlling speed, cornering at high speed, driving on slippery roads
  • Measures
    • The slower you go, the safer you are
    • Stay calm, hold the steering wheel firmly, do not try to turn
    • Release the gas and do not apply the brakes
    • Slowly steer back onto the road
  • Prevention:
    • Periodic maintenance: steering system, wheel alignment, tires
    • Do not speed, reduce speed when cornering or on slippery roads
• Measures to Escape from a Sinking Car
  • Prepare for the impact with the water surface
  • Unbuckle the seat belt
  • Open the window as soon as possible
  • Escape through the broken window
  • Escape after the car is completely filled with water and swim quickly to the surface
  • Call for emergency services
• Vehicle Catches Fire on the Road
  • Stay calm, turn off the ignition, park the car on the shoulder away from people and flammable materials
  • Use a fire extinguisher, sand, and water to extinguish the fire
  • Call the fire department
  • If the fire cannot be extinguished, move away from the burning vehicle to a safe location
• Things to Do When a Traffic Accident Occurs
  • When encountering a road traffic accident, check for the possibility of a fire
  • Place warning signs behind and in front of the scene to warn others. Secure the accident scene.
  • Check the victim’s condition:
  • Check the victim’s consciousness
  • Check if the victim is breathing, check their heart rate
  • Check the victim’s entire body for abrasions, deformities, fractures, or bleeding
  • Check for foreign objects in the victim’s mouth
  • Check for injuries to the head, neck, or joints
  • If the victim is seriously injured, report the accident to the nearest law enforcement agency (113) or Emergency Center (115)
  • Initial First Aid Steps:
    • Place the injured person in a position where they can breathe most easily
    • If the injured person has difficulty breathing
      • Clear the airway, suction phlegm, clear the throat of foreign objects, etc.
      • Perform artificial respiration: for an adult victim, blow once every 3-4 seconds; for a child victim, blow once every 2-3 seconds
      • If there is no pulse and the heart is not beating
      • If the victim’s pulse and heart are not beating, perform chest compressions to provide emergency care.
      • If the victim has stopped breathing and there is no pulse and the heart is not beating, perform both artificial respiration and chest compressions for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
      • Chest compressions: press on the victim’s sternum once every half second and perform 15 continuous compressions per set
      • If the victim’s pulse and heart are not beating, perform chest compressions to provide emergency care.
      • If the victim has stopped breathing and there is no pulse and the heart is not beating, perform both artificial respiration and chest compressions for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
      • Chest compressions: press on the victim’s sternum once every half second and perform 15 continuous compressions per set
      • Indirectly stop bleeding: use the pressure point method where the artery passes over a hard surface
      • Stop bleeding with a tourniquet: For serious wounds (arterial wounds), where blood spurts out in jets with the pulse and is bright red, a tourniquet is most useful

7. Traffic Culture

The concept of traffic culture: is a set of behaviors, conduct, and compliance with traffic laws, and adherence to moral standards when participating in traffic.

Traffic culture is implemented through two factors:

• Legality when participating in traffic
• Community spirit when participating in traffic
• Legality when participating in traffic

Correct, exemplary, and voluntary compliance with the Road Traffic Law

• Community spirit when participating in traffic

Helping others at risk when participating in traffic, providing first aid to victims

Proactively helping the elderly, weak, and children cross the road

Criticizing and preventing traffic violations

Promptly signaling and informing relevant authorities about incidents involving roads, vehicles, to promptly prevent and handle them

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II. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY FOR CAR REPAIR AND MAINTENANCE IN THE CAR OPERATION SAFETY DOCUMENT

1. Factors Causing Repair and Maintenance Accidents

• Accidents due to human factors
  • Accidents can occur due to the incorrect use of machinery or tools, not wearing appropriate clothing, or due to a technician’s carelessness.

• Accidents occurring due to physical factors
  • Accidents occur due to damaged machinery or tools, inconsistency of safety equipment, or a poor working environment.

2. Safe Attire for Car Repair

• Work Clothes
  • To avoid accidents, choose sturdy and well-fitting work clothes that support your work. Avoid work clothes with belts, buckles, and buttons exposed, as they can cause damage to the vehicle during work. As a safety measure against accidents and fire, avoid exposing bare skin.

• Safety Shoes
  • Don’t forget to wear safety shoes when working. It is dangerous to wear sandals or sports shoes that can easily slip or reduce work efficiency. They also put the wearer at risk of injury from unexpectedly dropped objects.

• Protective Gloves
  • When lifting heavy objects or removing exhaust pipes or similar items, you should wear gloves. However, it is not necessary to require gloves for regular maintenance work.
  • When you should wear gloves should be decided based on the type of work you intend to perform.

3. Safety in the Car Repair Workshop

Always keep the workplace clean to protect yourself and others from injury:

• Do not leave tools or parts on the floor where you or someone else might step on them. Make it a habit to place them on a workbench or work rack.
• Immediately wipe up any spilled fuel, oil, or grease to prevent yourself and others from slipping on the floor.
• Do not work in an uncomfortable posture. It not only affects work efficiency but can also cause you to fall and get injured.
• Be especially careful when working with heavy objects as you can be injured if they fall on your feet. Also, remember that you can hurt your back if you try to lift something too heavy for you.
• To move from one location to another in the workplace, don’t forget to follow the designated walkways.
• Do not use flammable materials near switches, switchboards, or electric motors, etc., as they can easily catch fire.

4. Electrical Safety in the Car Repair Workshop

Errors when working with electrical equipment can cause short circuits and fires. Therefore, learn how to use them correctly and carefully follow these precautions:

If you notice any abnormality in the electrical equipment, immediately turn the switch to OFF and contact the Manager / Foreman.

In case of a short circuit or fire in an electrical circuit, turn the switch to OFF before proceeding to extinguish the fire.

Report incorrect wiring or improperly installed electrical equipment to the Manager / Foreman.

Report any blown fuse to the Manager as a blown fuse indicates a short circuit somewhere.

Never perform the following actions as they are particularly dangerous:

• Do not go near exposed or broken electrical wires.
• To avoid electric shock, never touch any electrical equipment if your hands are wet.
• Never touch a switch labeled “do not operate.”
• When unplugging, do not pull the cord; pull the plug itself.
• Do not run electrical cords through wet or oily areas, over heated surfaces, or around sharp corners.
• Do not use flammable materials near switches, switchboards, or motors, etc., as they easily generate sparks.

5. Preventive Activities in the Workshop.

In preventive activities, technicians will discuss near-misses they have experienced in their daily work. They will describe to others how the risk occurred to help others avoid these risks. Then they will analyze the factors that could lead to this dangerous situation and take the necessary measures to create a safe working environment.

If you encounter any situation like the one on the left, you should do the following:

1. First, report the issue to the Manager / Foreman.
2. Report what happened.
3. Let everyone carefully consider the issue.
4. Let everyone consider the measures to be taken.
5. Record all of the above and post a list where everyone can see it.

On a normal day, a car repair workshop provides many services to customers, for example, maintenance or tire repair.

When providing these services, you need to perform tasks such as draining fuel from the vehicle and coming into contact with hazardous substances. These tasks can pose many risks to you and your colleagues.

Risks such as fire and explosion can cause serious injuries, even affecting your life. When working under a car, you risk being crushed if the car falls off its stand. You may also be exposed to many other toxic substances such as waste oil and cleaning agents, as well as explosive pressure from compressed air released from tires.

This information sheet provides practical guidance in certain situations to minimize the risk of occupational accidents and diseases. Remember, in addition to the risks we mention, you may encounter many other risks. In certain situations, additional preventive measures may be mandatory, such as when you are pregnant. Therefore, before starting any job, stop and ask yourself:

1. How will you perform that job?
2. Do you have sufficient knowledge to always work safely and ensure your health?

It is necessary to inform and train all workers about the potential risks and the regulations to be followed to ensure a safe system in the repair shop.

Please refer to some preventive measures when facing certain risks.

In addition, contact your local labor inspection agency or occupational safety and health unit to help you understand the potential risks and the preventive measures to apply.

A. TIRE REPAIR

You can suffer serious injuries when repairing or replacing tires. Occupational accidents occur not only because a car falls off a poor-quality stand and injures a worker, but also due to tire explosions. When a tire explodes, the energy from the compressed air is violently released through the tire’s sidewall towards the worker. In addition, a tire falling is also a possible incident if the tire is damaged or being repaired.

• Use an air hose that is long enough to help you keep a distance from the tire in case of an explosion. If the tire explodes, you will not be affected by the blast pressure.
• The air hoses should be equipped with quick-disconnect couplings at the point of contact with the tire and at the operator’s position. This ensures that the coupling is not stuck at the operator’s position and that air pressure can be managed from a safe working position. Inflate the tire in a cage or fix it to the ground or use restraining devices. In case of an explosion, these devices will help contain fragments of the tire and other parts.
• A pressure gauge should be equipped on the air compressor line to ensure the tire is not over-inflated.

Multi-piece and split-rim wheels must be assembled with the utmost caution and, in addition to the occupational safety system, you should follow the manufacturer’s instructions.

B. FIRE AND EXPLOSION

Fires and explosions are very common in auto repair shops. The result is damage to the repair shop and those working there can also be seriously injured, even killed.

The three elements that cause a fire are oxygen, an ignition source (heat), and flammable material (fuel). All three of these elements are present in a repair shop, so workers need to follow the occupational safety system to ensure these elements do not combine.

Store flammable substances (gasoline, cleaning agents, etc.) in minimum quantities. This helps to minimize the fuel for a fire.

Store flammable liquids in stable, sealed containers.

To prevent leaks and the spread of flammable gases.

Store gas cylinders outside the workshop, in a safety cage. This way, if there is a gas leak, it will dissipate.

Absolutely do not use thinners, paints, or gasoline to burn trash. Because the gasoline vapor that escapes can ignite instantly, uncontrollably, and cause you injury.

Perform heat-generating work (welding and thermal cutting) away from flammable materials. To prevent heat from these activities from igniting flammable materials.

 

Clean up oil spills, dispose of used oil filters, rags, and paper, and store them in a fireproof container, for example, a metal can with a lid. Because good hygiene helps minimize the risk of fire and explosion.

 

To minimize the risk of fire when draining gasoline from a vehicle, you need to:

Use a gasoline suction machine. This device helps to minimize the flammable gasoline vapor released into the air and has a suitable container available to hold the gasoline.

Disconnect the vehicle’s battery to remove the ignition source.

Use a grounding tool for both the vehicle and the gasoline suction device. To eliminate static discharge, which is considered an ignition source.

Always have foam and powder fire extinguishers in the workshop and make sure you know how to use them. To extinguish a fire quickly and prevent the flames from spreading in the workplace.

Work in a well-ventilated area. To avoid creating an explosive pressure in the event of an explosion.

Inform your colleagues about the work you are doing. To avoid unnecessary contact.

In addition to the preventive measures mentioned above, if you have to drain gasoline without a suction machine, make sure that:

Use a siphon hose or a manual, independent pump (not electric) to safely transfer gasoline at both ends of the hose.

Helps to reduce the possibility of oil spills and static discharge.

Use a grounding wire to connect the vehicle frame and the container to the ground. To eliminate static discharge, which is considered an ignition source.

Use a sturdy metal container that can be securely sealed. To minimize the risk of gasoline spills and prevent gasoline vapor from spreading.

C. WORKING UNDER A CAR/TRAILER

When working under a car, or a dump trailer, or the cab of a vehicle, you can be in danger. If these vehicles are unstable or not securely supported, the heavy weight of the vehicle can crush you while you are working underneath. When working in a vehicle inspection pit, you can also be at risk from flammable liquids and gases that can accumulate in the pit and ignite.

Use appropriate equipment to support the vehicle, for example, a vehicle lift, or axle stands.

A vehicle not supported by appropriate equipment is likely to fall and crush you.

Place the lift and axle stands on sturdy parts of the vehicle. This way the vehicle will not collapse onto the equipment and the worker operating underneath the car.

Ensure that the handbrake is engaged and the wheels are chocked on a flat surface. To prevent the vehicle from moving and falling off the stand.

Ensure that the safety pin of the axle is installed correctly (without bolts or screwdrivers). To make sure the axle stand is always at the proper height.

Use a lift or axle stand on a flat floor surface. To ensure these tools do not slip or tilt.

 

When using a 2-post car lift:

• Lift the car 1 meter off the ground.
• Ensure that the lifting pads are in the correct position.
• Shake the car before lifting the lift higher.

These activities are to ensure that the vehicle will be balanced and stable on the lift before you start working underneath it.

Before moving heavy parts of the car, ensure that the movement will not affect the stability of the car.

This check will help prevent the vehicle from falling off the lift.

When you work with a dump trailer or the cab of a vehicle, you need to ensure that additional support tools are always available to prevent the trailer or cab from falling and crushing the worker. Because the lift cannot guarantee to hold the load when a worker is working underneath.

D. HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES

While maintaining and repairing vehicles, you are exposed to many hazardous substances, such as waste oil, cleaning agents, gasoline, diesel, and gas from the air conditioning system, batteries, etc. You need to control exposure to these substances. Avoid exposure to exhaust fumes. To prevent eye and respiratory irritation, as well as the risk of lung diseases.

Do not run the engine near the repair shop. To avoid harmful concentrations of exhaust fumes.

How to install car door panels

In cases where it is necessary to run the vehicle, minimize the running time and use a vehicle exhaust extraction device. To eliminate exhaust fumes in the workshop.

If there is no exhaust extraction device, open doors and windows to create cross-ventilation. To minimize the accumulation and exposure to exhaust fumes.

When draining waste oil, you should:

• Use a collection system
• Wear chemical-resistant gloves (nitrile).
• Wash your hands frequently.
• Use skin cream

To minimize the risk of dermatitis and skin cancers.

Car parts contain asbestos (a fibrous material). If you inhale this substance, you can get respiratory diseases, for example, lung cancer. This substance is found in brake systems, clutches, heat-welded parts, and gaskets. Even if your country bans the use of asbestos, old car parts still contain this substance. Therefore, always assume that car parts contain asbestos, unless you are sure that this substance is completely absent from those parts. When cleaning wheels and brake assemblies, use a specialized vacuum cleaner with a suitable filter (because asbestos dust can pass through most conventional filters).

If you do not have a specialized machine, use a damp cloth to wipe the drum and crankcase, put the cloth in a plastic bag immediately after wiping, and follow national guidelines for disposal. Do not use an air compressor to blow dust or hit the brake drum with a hammer because these measures will spread asbestos dust into the air you breathe./.

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Part III: Further Reference

1. Group 3 Certified Safety Training Service

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2. Group 3 Occupational Safety Test

• Group 3 Occupational Safety Quiz

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3. Price List for Occupational Safety Training Services

• View Details

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4. Download Documents

• DOWNLOAD OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY TRAINING MATERIALS FOR CAR OPERATION AND REPAIR