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Discover the necessary regulations and safety measures for working in shipyards. This document will provide detailed information and important guidelines to help ensure a safe working environment and protect the health of all employees in the shipbuilding industry.

Table of Contents

PART I: CURRENT STATE OF SAFETY IN SHIPYARDS

I. General Situation

The Ministry of Labour, Invalids and Social Affairs informs sectors and localities of the occupational accident situation in the first 6 months of 2024 and outlines key solutions to proactively prevent incidents and accidents in the last 6 months of 2024. According to reports from 61 out of 63 centrally governed provinces and cities, in the first 6 months of 2024, there were a total of 3,201 occupational accidents nationwide (a decrease of 227 cases, equivalent to 7.09% compared to the same period in 2023), resulting in 3,065 victims (a decrease of 197 people, equivalent to 6.04% compared to the first 6 months of 2023), including both employees under labor contracts and those working without labor contracts. Specifically:

Number of fatal occupational accidents: 320 cases, a decrease of 25 cases (7.25%) compared to the first 6 months of 2023 (including 245 cases in areas with labor relations, a decrease of 28 cases or 10.3%; and 75 cases in areas without labor contracts, an increase of 3 cases or 4.2% compared to the first 6 months of 2023);
Number of deaths due to occupational accidents: 346 people, a decrease of 7 people or 1.98% compared to the same period in 2023 (including 268 in areas with labor relations, a decrease of 13 people or 4.63%; and 78 in areas without labor contracts, an increase of 6 people or 8.33%).
Number of people seriously injured: 810 people, an increase of 26 people or 3.32% compared to the first 6 months of 2023 (including 710 in areas with labor relations, a decrease of 5 people or 0.7%; and 100 in areas without labor contracts, an increase of 31 people or 44.92%).

Download the PDF file Occupational Accident Report – First 6 Months of 2024 issued by the Ministry of Labour, Invalids and Social Affairs.

The occupational accident situation in the first 6 months of 2024 in both sectors with and without labor relations saw a decrease in the number of deaths and fatal accidents compared to the same period in 2023.

II. Some Occupational Accidents in Shipyards

Shipyards, with their diverse and high-risk work environments, often experience unfortunate occupational accidents. Below are some notable accidents that have occurred in the shipbuilding industry:

Explosion in the engine room: In some cases, the improper use and maintenance of machinery can cause explosions. Flammable liquids and gases are widely used in the production process and can cause serious accidents if safety regulations are not followed.
Accidents with lifting equipment: During the movement of large ship parts or heavy materials, the use of lifting equipment such as cranes can be risky without strict control and training for the users.
Risks from hazardous substances and materials: Exposure to toxic chemicals and harmful materials like asbestos can lead to serious health problems, including respiratory diseases and cancer.
Accidents with cutting and welding equipment: Cutting and welding are indispensable parts of the shipbuilding process. However, the improper use of cutting and welding equipment can lead to accidents, including fires, explosions, and injuries to workers.
Risks of drowning and falls from height: With work performed on high structures and near water, there is a high risk of drowning and falls from height, especially when safety regulations are not followed and personal protective equipment is not used.

Occupational accidents in shipyards are a serious issue that requires strict management and adherence to safety regulations to protect the health and lives of workers.

PART II: OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH WHEN WORKING IN SHIPYARDS

I. Occupational Safety and Health for Plate Cutting and Forming Personnel

1. Characteristics of Plate Cutting and Forming Work

Before the ship construction process begins, plate cutting and forming is an essential part to create accurate structural components. This is a crucial decision-making stage in the shipbuilding process. Large steel plates are used to create parts of the ship, and to do this, modern cutting methods such as plasma cutters or oxy-acetylene cutters are applied.

Plasma cutters use a high-voltage electric arc and ionized gas to cut through metal materials, creating sharp and precise edges. This process is flexible and can be adjusted to cut through materials of different thicknesses and types of metal, creating complex patterns if needed.

In contrast, oxy-acetylene cutters use a hot flame to heat and cut through metal materials. This process is often used for thicker metal materials and is not suitable for cutting complex shapes.

Both of these methods provide precision and efficiency in cutting structural parts of the ship from large steel plates, ensuring that these components meet the necessary technical and quality requirements in the shipbuilding process.

2. Types of Occupational Accidents during Plate Cutting and Forming

The process of plate cutting and forming can pose a risk of occupational accidents if safety measures are not followed. One of the common risks is the danger of fire and explosion when using plasma or oxy-acetylene cutters. Working with high currents and gases can lead to dangerous situations if proper preventive measures are not taken.

Additionally, using cutting machines can pose a risk of injury from the sharp edges of newly cut metal plates. Workers must adhere to safety techniques when working near cutting machines and ensure that work areas are clean and tidy to prevent accidents.

Furthermore, working in an industrial environment can create other risks such as collisions with moving or unsafe objects, or health risks from exposure to chemical compounds or smoke and dust from the metal cutting process.

To minimize these risks, comprehensive occupational safety training and the use of personal protective equipment are necessary. Workers must also always follow safe work procedures and the instructions of the cutting machine manufacturer.

3. Causes of Occupational Accidents during Plate Cutting and Forming

There are several main causes of occupational accidents during the process of plate cutting and forming. One of the main causes is a lack of understanding of the work process and a lack of experience among workers. Working with plasma or oxy-acetylene cutters requires specific professional skills and familiarity with safety measures, which is especially important in a hazardous work environment like the shipbuilding industry.

Another cause is the lack of preparation and management of technical safety. Failure to implement preventive and risk control measures before carrying out the cutting and forming process can lead to unwanted accidents. Loose management or a lack of supervision can also create conditions for dangerous situations to occur.

Moreover, an unsafe working environment is also a cause of occupational accidents. Working in confined spaces, with poor lighting, or inadequate ventilation can increase the risk of unwanted situations. Work materials may also not be stored or transported safely, creating a risk of collision or crushing.

4. Preventive Measures for Occupational Accidents during Plate Cutting and Forming

To minimize the risk of occupational accidents during the process of plate cutting and forming, there are several important preventive measures that need to be applied. First, providing occupational safety training and coaching for all workers involved in the work process is crucial. Workers need to clearly understand the potential risks and know how to prevent them while working with plasma and oxy-acetylene cutters.

Second, the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) is extremely important. Ensure that all workers are fully equipped with PPE including safety glasses, respirators, fire-resistant gloves, and fire-resistant jackets to protect against the risk of fire, explosion, and injury from sharp materials.

Third, maintaining a clean and tidy work environment also plays an important role in minimizing the risk of accidents. Work areas need to be cleaned and organized carefully to avoid unwanted collisions and accidents.

Finally, conducting regular inspections and maintenance of cutting equipment and machinery is necessary to ensure they operate safely and effectively. Periodic maintenance also helps to detect and rectify technical issues early that could pose a risk of an accident.

5. Occupational Safety Regulations for Plate Cutting and Forming

Occupational safety regulations during the plate cutting and forming process are an essential part of ensuring a safe work environment and minimizing the risk of accidents. First, all workers involved in this process must be trained on the specific safety measures applicable to the use of plasma and oxy-acetylene cutters. This training includes how to use the machinery safely, recognize and handle fire and explosion risks, and know how to respond to emergency situations.

Second, regulations regarding the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) are extremely important. All workers must be required to wear adequate PPE such as safety glasses, respirators, fire-resistant gloves, and fire-resistant jackets to protect against potential hazards when working near cutting machines and with sharp materials.

Furthermore, regulations on maintaining a clean and safe work environment must also be applied. Work areas need to be cleaned regularly to avoid the risk of unwanted collisions and accidents. In addition, regulations on the maintenance and periodic inspection of equipment and machinery must also be followed to ensure they operate safely and effectively.

6. Handling Emergency Occupational Accidents during Plate Cutting and Forming

In the event of an emergency occupational accident during the plate cutting and forming process, handling the situation quickly and accurately is crucial to ensure the safety of all workers and the work environment. First, as soon as an accident occurs, it is essential to call or activate an alarm system to request help from the fire and emergency services.

Next, if it is possible and safe, providing first aid to the injured is the top priority. Workers trained in first aid must check and treat minor injuries and provide emergency care for serious injuries until the fire and emergency services arrive.

In addition, creating a safe zone for workers not affected by the accident is also very important. Using tools or barriers to isolate the accident area and guiding workers away from the danger zone is necessary to ensure safety.

Finally, after the situation has been controlled, conducting a specific investigation into the cause of the accident is important to prevent similar accidents from happening in the future. This includes identifying the exact cause of the accident and proposing improvements and preventive measures for the future.

II. Occupational Safety and Health for Welding and Assembly Personnel

1. Characteristics of Welding and Assembly Work

After the structural parts of the ship have been cut and formed, the next task is to weld and assemble them together to create the main frames and structures of the ship. This process, known as welding and assembly, is a critical part of the shipbuilding process.

Welding is performed to join metal parts together by using high heat to melt and fuse them into one. This process requires high precision to ensure that the welds are strong and have no gaps, ensuring the rigidity and strength of the final structure.

After the parts are welded together, the assembly process begins. The structural parts are placed on a large structural frame or are attached to their precise location on the ship. Precision in the assembly process is very important to ensure that every part of the ship is positioned correctly and connected to each other accurately.

2. Types of Occupational Accidents during Welding and Assembly

During the welding and assembly of a ship’s structure, several risks of occupational accidents can occur. One of the main risks is the danger of fire and explosion from the use of welding equipment and joining materials. The use of a high heat source during welding can lead to a risk of fire or explosion if safety measures are not properly implemented, such as conducting a thorough inspection before welding to ensure there are no flammable or explosive substances in the work area.

In addition, the risk of burns is a common hazard during welding due to direct contact with the high temperature of the heat source and welding material. The use of personal protective equipment such as heat-resistant protective clothing and safety gloves is extremely important to protect the health of workers.

Furthermore, during assembly, the risk of collisions and crushing can also occur, especially when working on large structural frames. The use of safe lifting equipment and moving vehicles, as well as adherence to safe work procedures, is extremely important to avoid unwanted accidents.

3. Causes of Occupational Accidents during Welding and Assembly

Many factors can cause occupational accidents during the welding and assembly of a ship’s structure. One of the main causes is a lack of knowledge and skills among workers. The welding and assembly process requires expertise and experience, and if workers are not properly trained or lack experience, it can lead to incorrect techniques and cause accidents.

In addition, a lack of preparation and management of technical safety can also cause accidents. Failure to conduct periodic inspections and maintenance on welding and assembly equipment can lead to technical failures or breakdowns, increasing the risk of accidents.

Another cause is an unsafe working environment, including poor lighting, inadequate ventilation, or confined spaces. Improperly stored or transported work materials can also create conditions for accidents to occur.

Finally, non-compliance with safe work procedures and the use of personal protective equipment is a major cause of occupational accidents during the welding and assembly of a ship’s structure. This is especially dangerous when working with high heat sources and sharp materials.

4. Preventive Measures for Occupational Accidents during Welding and Assembly

To ensure occupational safety during the welding and assembly of a ship’s structure, several important preventive measures need to be applied. First, it is crucial to ensure that all workers are fully trained on safety measures and work procedures. Workers must clearly understand the potential risks and know how to prevent them during the welding and assembly process.

Second, the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) is extremely important. All workers must be fully equipped with PPE including heat-resistant protective clothing, safety glasses, respirators, and safety gloves to protect against the risk of fire, explosion, burns, and sharp materials.

In addition, maintaining a clean and tidy work environment is also very important to minimize the risk of accidents. Work areas need to be cleaned regularly and work materials need to be stored and transported safely to avoid unwanted accidents.

5. Occupational Safety Regulations for Welding and Assembly

Occupational safety regulations during the welding and assembly of a ship’s structure are an essential part of ensuring a safe work environment and minimizing the risk of accidents. First, all workers involved in this process must be trained on the specific safety measures applicable to the use of welding equipment and the assembly process. This training includes how to use the equipment safely, recognize and handle fire and explosion risks, and know how to respond to emergency situations.

Second, regulations regarding the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) are extremely important. All workers must be required to wear adequate PPE such as heat-resistant protective clothing, safety glasses, respirators, and safety gloves to protect against potential hazards when working near welding machines and with sharp materials.

Furthermore, maintaining a clean and safe work environment also plays an important role in minimizing the risk of accidents. Work areas need to be cleaned regularly to avoid the risk of unwanted collisions and accidents. In addition, maintenance and periodic inspection of equipment and machinery must also be followed to ensure they operate safely and effectively.

6. Handling Emergency Occupational Accidents during Welding and Assembly

In the event of an emergency occupational accident during the welding and assembly of a ship’s structure, handling the situation quickly and accurately is crucial to protect the health and safety of all workers present in the work area. First and foremost, as soon as an accident occurs, workers must call or activate an alarm system to request help from the fire and emergency services.

Next, if it is safe and possible to do so, providing first aid to the injured is the top priority. Workers trained in first aid must check and treat minor injuries and provide emergency care for serious injuries until the fire and emergency services arrive.

III. Occupational Safety and Health for Painting and Coating Personnel

1. Characteristics of Painting and Coating Work

Comprehensive protection for ships: After completing the assembly of the frame and structural parts, the ship needs to be painted and coated to protect it from the negative impacts of the marine environment. This process plays a very important role in ensuring the longevity and operational performance of the ship.
Meticulous preparation work: Before painting and coating, the ship’s surface must be thoroughly prepared to ensure the best adhesion for the paint layer. Preparation steps include: cleaning the surface, removing rust, applying a primer, and treating the welds.
Choosing the right paint: The choice of the right type of paint plays a key role in protecting the ship. Factors to consider include: corrosion resistance, durability, UV resistance, and aesthetics.
Professional painting and coating process: The painting and coating process must be carried out by a team of highly skilled staff using modern equipment. The painting steps include: applying primer, a base coat, and a finishing coat.

2. Types of Occupational Accidents during Painting and Coating

The process of painting and coating ships poses many risks of occupational accidents due to the use of hazardous chemicals, working at heights, and in confined spaces. Below are some common types of occupational accidents:

Chemical poisoning: Inhaling or having direct contact with hazardous chemicals in paint, solvents, and thinners can lead to poisoning, causing symptoms such as nausea, dizziness, headache, difficulty breathing, and even death.
Fire and explosion: Paints, solvents, and thinners are often flammable, so the risk of fire and explosion is always present during the painting and coating process. Electrical sparks, heat sources, and smoking in the work area can lead to serious fires.
Falls from height: Workers often have to work on scaffolding or high platforms to paint the upper areas of the ship. There is a high risk of falling due to loss of balance or slippery work surfaces.
Hearing loss: Long-term exposure to loud noise from machinery and painting equipment can cause permanent hearing damage.
Skin diseases: Direct contact with paints and solvents can cause skin irritation, allergies, and other dermatological diseases.
Inhalation of paint dust: Paint dust can cause respiratory problems such as pneumonia, asthma, and lung cancer.

3. Causes of Occupational Accidents during Painting and Coating

Hazardous Working Environment:

Hazardous chemicals: Paints, solvents, and thinners often contain hazardous chemicals that can cause poisoning, skin irritation, and respiratory problems.
Loud noise: Machinery and painting equipment create loud noise that can cause permanent hearing loss.
Paint dust: Paint dust can cause respiratory problems such as pneumonia, asthma, and lung cancer.
Risk of fire and explosion: Flammable paints, solvents, and thinners can lead to fires if not stored and used correctly.

Unsafe Working Conditions:

Working at height: Workers often have to work on scaffolding or high platforms to paint the upper areas of the ship, leading to a high risk of falls.
Slippery work surfaces: Wet or paint-covered work surfaces can cause workers to slip and fall.
Lack of personal protective equipment: Failure to use or improper use of personal protective equipment such as masks, gloves, safety glasses, and protective clothing can lead to occupational accidents.

Human Factors:

Lack of occupational safety knowledge and skills: Workers who are not adequately trained in occupational safety may not know how to handle dangerous situations safely.
Fatigue and lack of concentration: Overworked or distracted workers can make mistakes that lead to occupational accidents.
Work pressure: The pressure to complete work quickly can cause workers to neglect occupational safety measures.

Lack of Supervision and Management:

Lax supervision: A lack of supervision can lead to workers violating occupational safety regulations.
Unclear occupational safety regulations: Unclear or infrequently updated occupational safety regulations can lead to misunderstandings and occupational accidents.
Lack of safety equipment: Not providing enough safety equipment or providing equipment that does not meet standards can lead to occupational accidents.

4. Preventive Measures for Occupational Accidents during Painting and Coating

Regarding the Work Environment:

Use a suitable ventilation system to ensure a well-ventilated work environment, minimizing the concentration of chemicals in the air.
Regularly monitor and check the concentration of chemicals in the air to ensure worker safety.
Use less toxic types of paints, solvents, and thinners.
Store chemicals properly, away from heat sources and electrical sparks.
Keep the work area clean, dry, and free of flammable materials.

Regarding Working Conditions:

Provide full personal protective equipment for workers, including masks, gloves, safety glasses, protective clothing, helmets, and safety shoes.
Use sturdy scaffolding and work platforms with railings and safe ladders.
Keep work surfaces dry and non-slip.
Provide comprehensive training on occupational safety knowledge and skills for workers.
Implement measures to minimize noise and vibration in the work area.

Regarding Human Factors:

Do not assign work to workers who are overworked or tired.
Create a comfortable work environment, minimizing work pressure for workers.
Regularly organize occupational safety training sessions to raise workers’ awareness of risks and accident prevention measures.

Regarding Management:

Have clear and specific occupational safety regulations.
Regularly inspect and supervise the implementation of occupational safety regulations.
Provide adequate safety equipment and perform regular maintenance.
Thoroughly investigate the causes of occupational accidents and implement corrective measures to prevent future accidents.

5. Occupational Safety Regulations for Painting and Coating

Purpose:

To ensure the safety and health of workers during the process of painting and coating ships.
To prevent occupational accidents and minimize damage to people and property.
To protect the environment around the work site.

Scope of Application:

This regulation applies to all individuals involved in the process of painting and coating ships, including workers, supervisors, and engineers.
Applies to all painting and coating activities, including surface preparation, paint mixing, application, and cleanup.

Content:

a. Responsibilities:

Employer:
- Is responsible for providing a safe working environment and appropriate personal protective equipment for workers.
- Provide full knowledge and skills on occupational safety to workers.
- Regularly inspect and supervise the implementation of occupational safety regulations.
Employee:
- Is responsible for complying with occupational safety regulations.
- Use personal protective equipment correctly.
- Report immediately to the manager upon discovering any occupational safety risk.
- Perform tests at occupational safety centers to obtain an occupational safety certificate. This ensures workers have a clear understanding of safety knowledge and a valid certification for their work.

b. Preventive Measures:

Before Painting/Coating:
- Survey the work area to identify potential hazards.
- Develop a safe and appropriate work plan.
- Prepare adequate personal protective equipment for workers.
- Provide occupational safety instructions to workers before starting work.
During Painting/Coating:
- Use the correct type of paint, solvent, and thinner that complies with regulations.
- Perform painting in a well-ventilated area with a suitable ventilation system.
- Do not eat, drink, smoke, or apply makeup in the work area.
- Wash hands thoroughly after contact with chemicals.
- Use painting equipment correctly.
- Regularly monitor your own health.
After Painting/Coating:
- Clean the work area thoroughly.
- Dispose of chemical waste according to regulations.
- Check your health after completing the work.

c. Measures for Handling Violations:

Individuals who violate occupational safety regulations will be handled according to the law.

6. Handling Emergency Occupational Accidents during Painting and Coating

a. Secure the Scene:

Assess the accident situation and ensure your own safety and that of those around you.
Turn off power, gas, or other hazardous sources if possible.
Warn others to stay away from the hazardous area.

b. Initial First Aid:

Check the victim’s consciousness, pulse, and breathing.
If the victim is unconscious, place them in the recovery position and ensure their airway is clear.
If the victim stops breathing, begin cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).
If the victim is bleeding, control the bleeding by applying pressure to the wound.
If the victim has burns, cool the burn with cold water.

c. Call for Emergency Services:

Call for emergency services immediately, providing information about the accident location, the victim’s condition, and the initial first aid measures taken.
Follow the instructions of the emergency personnel.

d. Assist the Victim:

Stay with the victim and reassure them.
Record information about the victim’s condition, the first aid measures taken, and the time the emergency call was made.
Provide information to the medical personnel when they arrive at the scene.

e. Report the Occupational Accident:

Report the occupational accident to the manager or the occupational safety department.
Provide full information about the occupational accident, including the cause, events, and consequences.
Cooperate with the occupational accident investigation department to determine the cause and propose preventive measures.

IV. Occupational Safety and Health for Outfitting Personnel

1. Characteristics of Outfitting Work

Outfitting is a crucial stage in the shipbuilding process, ensuring the ship’s operational function and activity. This stage includes:

a. System Installation:

Electrical system: Installing electrical cable systems, electrical panels, switchboards, electric motors, generators, and other electrical equipment.
Mechanical system: Installing main engines, auxiliary engines, propulsion systems, pump systems, valve systems, piping systems, and other mechanical equipment.
Air conditioning system: Installing cooling units, heating units, duct systems, control systems, and other air conditioning equipment.
Safety system: Installing fire alarm systems, fire extinguishing systems, escape systems, and other safety equipment.
Control and monitoring system: Installing engine control systems, steering control systems, electrical system control systems, systems for monitoring the ship’s operational parameters, and other control and monitoring equipment.

b. Equipment Installation:

On-deck equipment: Cranes, derricks, anchors, anchor lines, lifeboats, and other equipment.
Cabin equipment: Control panels, navigation equipment, communication equipment, entertainment equipment, and other devices.
Engine room equipment: Fuel filtering equipment, water filtering equipment, air compressors, water pumps, and other equipment.

c. Connecting Systems and Equipment:

Connecting the electrical system to electrical devices.
Connecting the mechanical system to mechanical devices.
Connecting the air conditioning system to air conditioning devices.
Connecting the safety system to safety devices.
Connecting the control and monitoring system to control and monitoring devices.

d. Inspection and Testing:

Checking the operation of each individual system and piece of equipment.
Checking the connection and coordination between systems and equipment.
Testing the overall operation of the ship.

2. Types of Occupational Accidents during Outfitting

Outfitting poses many risks of occupational accidents because the work takes place in a complex environment, using heavy machinery and equipment, and involves working at height. Below are some common types of occupational accidents:

a. Electrical Accidents:

Electric shock: Occurs from direct contact with a power source or indirectly through conductive materials.
Fire and explosion: Due to short circuits, overloads, or improper use of electrical equipment.

b. Machinery Accidents:

Getting caught, struck, or crushed: Due to improper operation of machinery or lack of concentration.
Struck by falling heavy objects: Due to improper transport or installation of equipment.

c. Accidents from Working at Height:

Falls: Due to loss of balance, slipping, or unsafe work surfaces.
Impact with objects: Due to falling items or improper movement of equipment.

d. Accidents from Noise and Vibration:

Hearing loss: Due to long-term exposure to loud noise from machinery and equipment.
Musculoskeletal disorders: Due to long-term exposure to vibration from machinery and equipment.

e. Chemical Accidents:

Poisoning: From inhaling or having direct contact with hazardous chemicals.
Burns: From contact with hot or corrosive chemicals.

3. Causes of Occupational Accidents during Outfitting

Occupational accidents during the outfitting process can occur for many different reasons, including:

a. Hazardous Working Environment:

Working in confined spaces: Lack of oxygen, accumulation of toxic gases can lead to suffocation or poisoning.
Exposure to hazardous chemicals: Paints, solvents, cleaning agents can cause poisoning, skin irritation, and respiratory problems.
Loud noise: Machinery and equipment generate loud noise that can cause permanent hearing loss.
Risk of fire and explosion: Working with flammable materials, flammable chemicals, and power sources can lead to fires and explosions.

b. Unsafe Working Conditions:

Working at height: High risk of falls due to lack of railings, ladders, or improper use of scaffolding.
Slippery work surfaces: Due to oil, grease, chemicals, or water spilled on the floor.
Lack of personal protective equipment: Not using or improperly using personal protective equipment such as helmets, safety glasses, gloves, and safety shoes.
Unsafe machinery and equipment: Using old, faulty, or not regularly maintained machinery and equipment.

c. Human Factors:

Lack of occupational safety knowledge and skills: Workers who are not adequately trained in occupational safety may not know how to handle dangerous situations safely.
Fatigue and lack of concentration: Overworked or distracted workers can make mistakes that lead to occupational accidents.
Work pressure: The pressure to complete work quickly can cause workers to neglect occupational safety measures.

d. Lack of Supervision and Management:

Lax supervision: A lack of supervision can lead to workers violating occupational safety regulations.
Unclear occupational safety regulations: Unclear or infrequently updated occupational safety regulations can lead to misunderstandings and occupational accidents.
Lack of safety equipment: Not providing enough safety equipment or providing equipment that does not meet standards can lead to occupational accidents.

4. Preventive Measures for Occupational Accidents during Outfitting

To ensure worker safety and limit accidents during the outfitting process, the following preventive measures should be implemented:

a. Occupational Safety Training:

Organize occupational safety training courses for all workers involved in the outfitting process. The training content should include:
- General and specific occupational safety regulations for outfitting work.
- How to use machinery, equipment, and personal protective equipment safely.
- Accident prevention measures for each specific stage.
- Skills for handling dangerous situations.
Require workers to fully attend training courses and pass assessments before being assigned work.
Organize periodic safety training for workers to update their knowledge and skills on the latest occupational safety practices.
Complete an occupational safety training course to be issued an occupational safety card by the training center to ensure proper documentation for work.

b. Ensuring a Safe Work Environment:

Regularly inspect and monitor the work environment to ensure worker safety.
Implement measures to address potential hazards such as:
- Ensuring good ventilation in confined work areas.
- Using equipment to extract hazardous fumes.
- Reducing noise and vibration to permissible levels.
- Using fire and explosion prevention measures.
Keep the work area clean, tidy, and dry.
Use appropriate hazard warning signs.

c. Safe Use of Machinery, Equipment, and Personal Protective Equipment:

Only use machinery and equipment that meets quality and safety standards.
Regularly inspect and perform periodic maintenance on machinery and equipment.
Use personal protective equipment appropriate for each job.
Provide full personal protective equipment to workers and require its proper use.

d. Strengthening Occupational Safety Management:

Establish and issue specific occupational safety regulations for outfitting work.
Assign occupational safety management responsibilities to each individual.
Regularly inspect and supervise the implementation of occupational safety regulations.
Strictly handle violations of occupational safety.

e. Raising Workers’ Occupational Safety Awareness:

Promote and educate on occupational safety for workers.
Create a safe, friendly, and respectful working environment.
Encourage workers to report potential hazards and propose accident prevention measures.

5. Occupational Safety Regulations for Outfitting

Purpose:

To ensure the safety of workers during the process of installing equipment and systems on the ship.
To prevent occupational accidents and minimize damage to people and property.
To protect the environment around the work site.

Scope of Application:

This regulation applies to all individuals involved in the process of installing equipment and systems on the ship, including workers, supervisors, and engineers.
Applies to all outfitting activities, including site preparation, equipment installation, system connection, and testing.

Content:

a. Responsibilities:

Employer:
- Is responsible for providing a safe working environment and appropriate personal protective equipment for workers.
- Provide full knowledge and skills on occupational safety to workers.
- Regularly inspect and supervise the implementation of occupational safety regulations.
Employee:
- Is responsible for complying with occupational safety regulations.
- Use personal protective equipment correctly.
- Report immediately to the manager upon discovering any occupational safety risk.

b. Preventive Measures:

Before Installation:
- Survey the work area to identify potential hazards.
- Develop a safe and appropriate work plan.
- Prepare adequate personal protective equipment for workers.
- Provide occupational safety instructions to workers before starting work.
During Installation:
- Use the correct type of equipment and materials that comply with regulations.
- Perform installation in a well-ventilated area with a suitable ventilation system.
- Do not eat, drink, smoke, or apply makeup in the work area.
- Wash hands thoroughly after contact with chemicals.
- Use installation equipment correctly.
- Regularly monitor your own health.
After Installation:
- Clean the work area thoroughly.
- Dispose of waste according to regulations.
- Check the quality of the system after installation.

c. Measures for Handling Violations:

Individuals who violate occupational safety regulations will be handled according to the law.

d. Other Regulations:

This regulation may be supplemented or amended as necessary.
It is advisable to consult with an occupational safety expert when developing and issuing safety regulations.

6. Handling Emergency Occupational Accidents during Outfitting

a. Secure the Scene:

Assess the accident situation and ensure your own safety and that of those around you.
Turn off power, gas, or other hazardous sources if possible.
Warn others to stay away from the hazardous area.

b. Initial First Aid:

Check the victim’s consciousness, pulse, and breathing.
If the victim is unconscious, place them in the recovery position and ensure their airway is clear.
If the victim stops breathing, begin cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).
If the victim is bleeding, control the bleeding by applying pressure to the wound.
If the victim has burns, cool the burn with cold water.

c. Call for Emergency Services:

Call for emergency services immediately, providing information about the accident location, the victim’s condition, and the initial first aid measures taken.
Follow the instructions of the emergency personnel.

d. Assist the Victim:

Stay with the victim and reassure them.
Record information about the victim’s condition, the first aid measures taken, and the time the emergency call was made.
Provide information to the medical personnel when they arrive at the scene.

e. Report the Occupational Accident:

Report the occupational accident to the manager or the occupational safety department.
Provide full information about the occupational accident, including the cause, events, and consequences.
Cooperate with the occupational accident investigation department to determine the cause and propose preventive measures.

V. Occupational Safety and Health for Testing and Commissioning Personnel

1. Characteristics of Testing and Commissioning Work

Testing and commissioning work is a crucial part of the shipbuilding process, aimed at ensuring that all components and systems are functioning correctly before the ship is delivered to the customer. This process typically includes many steps and requires care and precision.

First, engineers and technicians will perform basic and advanced tests on the ship’s various systems, including the electrical system, water supply system, and wastewater treatment system. Electrical and mechanical equipment will also be tested to ensure they operate correctly and safely.

Next, functional tests will be conducted to ensure that all systems and equipment operate as expected. This includes checking the performance of the engines, cooling systems, and ventilation systems.

After completing the inspection steps, the testing process will be carried out to check the systems under actual operating conditions. Engineers and technicians will conduct tests on all systems and equipment in a simulated environment, ensuring they operate correctly and meet safety and environmental standards.

2. Types of Occupational Accidents during Testing and Commissioning

During the testing and commissioning of systems before a ship is delivered to the customer, notable occupational accidents can occur. One of the main risks is electrical accidents, as engineers and technicians working near powerful electrical systems may face the risk of electric shock. Failure to follow safety rules and use personal protective equipment can lead to serious accidents.

In addition, working at heights during testing and commissioning can also create a risk of falling. Engineers and technicians must adhere to safety regulations for working at height and use protective equipment such as safety harnesses and belts.

Furthermore, during the testing of machinery and equipment systems, accidents related to operation and control can occur. Caution must be exercised when performing functional tests and checks to avoid unwanted problems such as engine explosions or loss of equipment control.

Finally, working in a testing environment can create risks related to chemicals and hazardous materials. Preventive measures and the use of personal protective equipment are extremely important to protect the health of employees and the working environment.

3. Causes of Occupational Accidents during Testing and Commissioning

Many factors can lead to occupational accidents during the testing and commissioning process before a ship is delivered to the customer. One of the main causes is a lack of understanding or improper adherence to safety procedures. When employees are not adequately trained on safety measures or do not follow regulations, the risk of accidents increases.

In addition, time pressure can also increase the risk of accidents. During testing and commissioning, there may be pressure to complete the work quickly to meet specific deadlines. This pressure can lead to working too fast without properly following safety procedures.

Furthermore, shortcomings in risk management can also cause accidents. When risks are not properly assessed and preventive measures are not implemented, the risk of accidents increases. A lack of control and supervision during the work process can also create conditions for dangerous situations to occur.

4. Preventive Measures for Occupational Accidents during Testing and Commissioning

To prevent occupational accidents during the testing and commissioning process before a ship is delivered to the customer, implementing safety measures is extremely important. One important measure is to ensure that all employees involved in this process are fully trained on safety procedures and the use of personal protective equipment. The use of safety glasses, respirators, and protective gloves is extremely important to protect against risks such as inhaling toxic gases or being injured by sharp materials.

In addition, establishing safety measures for working at height is also an important part of accident prevention. Use safety harnesses and belts to keep employees safe when working in high areas. Work areas should be clearly marked and provide safe access, such as stairs or scaffolding, to prevent accidents from falls from height.

Another preventive measure is to conduct periodic workplace environmental monitoring to ensure that the work environment meets safety and environmental standards. Workplace environmental monitoring may include measuring pollutant gas levels, humidity, temperature, and other factors that can affect employee health. If any problems are detected, measures must be taken immediately to rectify the situation.

5. Occupational Safety Regulations for Testing and Commissioning

Occupational safety regulations for testing and commissioning in the shipbuilding industry play an important role in protecting the health and safety of employees involved in this process. First and foremost, all employees must be trained on safety procedures and the use of personal protective equipment before participating in testing and commissioning activities. This includes ensuring they fully understand the use of safety glasses, respirators, and other protective equipment to protect themselves from risks such as inhaling toxic gases or being injured by sharp materials.

In addition, safety regulations also include establishing accident prevention measures during the work process. This may include ensuring that work areas are organized and safe, using safety harnesses and belts when working at height, and controlling risks from equipment and systems.

Furthermore, adherence to environmental safety regulations is also an important part of occupational safety regulations. Measures to prevent and control environmental pollution must be implemented to ensure that the work environment meets safety and environmental standards.

6. Handling Emergency Occupational Accidents during Testing and Commissioning

In the event of an emergency occupational accident during the testing and commissioning process before a ship is delivered to the customer, response measures must be implemented immediately to ensure the safety of all employees and minimize potential damage. First, ensuring the safety of all affected employees is the top priority. There must be a safe and quick evacuation plan to move employees out of the accident area and ensure they receive timely medical care.

After that, it is necessary to immediately notify the relevant authorities and project management so they can provide necessary support. Collecting detailed information about the accident is very important for analyzing the cause and proposing improvements in the future.

Furthermore, organizing an accident investigation is also an important part of the response process. The specific cause of the accident must be identified and preventive measures put in place to avoid recurrence in the future. At the same time, mental and emotional support for affected employees must also be provided to help them recover after the accident.