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In the billiard table manufacturing industry, occupational safety plays an extremely important role. This document provides useful materials on the necessary safety procedures and measures to protect workers’ health and improve production efficiency. Let’s find out!

Table of Contents

PART I: CURRENT STATE OF SAFETY IN THE BILLIARD TABLE MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY

I. General Situation

The Ministry of Labour, Invalids and Social Affairs informs sectors and localities of the occupational accident situation in the first 6 months of 2024 and outlines key solutions to proactively prevent incidents and accidents in the last 6 months of 2024. According to reports from 61 out of 63 centrally governed provinces and cities, in the first 6 months of 2024, there were a total of 3,201 occupational accidents nationwide (a decrease of 227 cases, equivalent to 7.09% compared to the same period in 2023), resulting in 3,065 victims (a decrease of 197 people, equivalent to 6.04% compared to the first 6 months of 2023), including both employees under labor contracts and those working without labor contracts. Specifically:

Number of fatal occupational accidents: 320 cases, a decrease of 25 cases (7.25%) compared to the first 6 months of 2023 (including 245 cases in areas with labor relations, a decrease of 28 cases or 10.3%; and 75 cases in areas without labor contracts, an increase of 3 cases or 4.2% compared to the first 6 months of 2023);
Number of deaths due to occupational accidents: 346 people, a decrease of 7 people or 1.98% compared to the same period in 2023 (including 268 in areas with labor relations, a decrease of 13 people or 4.63%; and 78 in areas without labor contracts, an increase of 6 people or 8.33%).
Number of people seriously injured: 810 people, an increase of 26 people or 3.32% compared to the first 6 months of 2023 (including 710 in areas with labor relations, a decrease of 5 people or 0.7%; and 100 in areas without labor contracts, an increase of 31 people or 44.92%).

Download the PDF file Occupational Accident Report – First 6 Months of 2024 issued by the Ministry of Labour, Invalids and Social Affairs.

The occupational accident situation in the first 6 months of 2024 in both sectors with and without labor relations saw a decrease in the number of deaths and fatal accidents compared to the same period in 2023.

II. Some occupational accidents in billiard table manufacturing plants

In billiard table manufacturing plants, although many safety measures have been applied, occupational accidents still occur due to various reasons. Here are some typical accidents:

Accidents due to machinery: One of the common causes of accidents in the factory is problems with machinery. Employees can be injured when in contact with cutting, sanding, or assembly equipment improperly. Failure to follow safe operating procedures or lack of regular maintenance can also lead to serious accidents.
Falls and slips: The factory floor can become slippery due to liquid leaks or dirt. Employees can fall while moving in the work area, leading to serious injuries such as fractures or head injuries. Lack of a drainage system and failure to ensure hygiene are factors that increase this risk.
Falling heavy objects: During the transportation and installation of large components of the billiard table, employees may be at risk of being hit by a heavy falling object. Failure to use support equipment such as forklifts or failure to follow safety rules when moving materials can lead to serious accidents.
Hazardous chemicals: During the production process, some chemicals are used to treat the surface of the billiard table. Without proper protective measures, employees can be exposed to hazardous substances, causing respiratory problems, skin allergies, or even poisoning.

To minimize these accidents, it is essential to train employees on occupational safety, maintain machinery regularly, and create a clean and safe working environment.

PART II: OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH WHEN WORKING IN A BILLIARD TABLE MANUFACTURING PLANT

I. Occupational safety and health for Wood Cutting staff

1. Job characteristics of Wood Cutting

The wood cutting stage in billiard table production is a crucial step that determines the quality and accuracy of the final product. In this process, wood is carefully selected, usually high-durability types like pine or natural wood, to ensure the billiard table has a long lifespan. After being dried and treated against termites, the wood blocks are fed into the cutting machine. Technicians use specialized cutting machines to cut the wood to standard dimensions, including the table top, legs, and other parts.

The characteristics of this job require high meticulousness and precision. Each cut must ensure dimensional accuracy, so that the parts can be easily and tightly assembled later. The accuracy in the cutting stage not only affects the quality of the product but also the safety in using the billiard table later. Therefore, the woodcutter needs to have experience and skills to control the cutting machine, as well as monitor the work process to avoid incidents. Thus, the wood cutting stage is not just a job but also an art, requiring concentration and dedication to create a perfect product to serve the needs of customers.

2. Types of occupational accidents during Wood Cutting

During the wood cutting process for billiard table production, occupational accidents can occur if safety rules are not followed. One of the most common types of accidents is injury from contact with the cutting machine. Workers can be injured when doing close-up cutting, leading to serious injuries such as cut fingers or hands. A lack of attention when operating the machine or not using appropriate protective equipment, such as guards or safety glasses, can increase the risk of accidents.

In addition, during the process of moving wood into the cutting machine, employees may slip or slide on the wood floor or bulky wood. These incidents not only cause pain but can also lead to serious injuries such as fractures or ligament system damage. In addition, electrical incidents from the cutting machine can also occur if it is not regularly maintained or if the equipment is damaged, posing a risk of fire or electric shock.

To minimize these types of accidents, occupational safety training for employees is very important. Employees need to know the entire process, use protective equipment correctly, and regularly check the machinery before operation. Implementing safety measures will help protect the health of workers and improve production efficiency in the wood processing industry.

3. Causes of occupational accidents during Wood Cutting

Occupational accidents during the wood cutting process can stem from various causes, with inattention and carelessness being the leading factors. When employees are not focused on their work, they can easily get confused or not notice the surrounding risks, leading to unsafe contact with the cutting blade. In addition, failure to follow machine operating procedures is also a common cause. Many accidents occur because employees do not read the user manual carefully or do not understand the necessary safety steps before starting the cutting machine.

In addition, the condition of the machinery not being regularly maintained can also contribute to an increased risk of accidents. Old or damaged equipment can cause unexpected incidents, such as the cutting blade flying off, which is dangerous for the user. In addition, unsafe working conditions, such as a slippery floor or insufficient lighting, can also be the cause of employees having accidents when moving or operating the machine.

Finally, a lack of adequate training on occupational safety is also an important factor. Employees need to be equipped with the knowledge and skills to identify and prevent potential risks in the work process. By raising safety awareness and following the correct procedures, the risk of accidents in the wood cutting stage will be significantly reduced.

4. Measures to prevent occupational accidents during Wood Cutting

To minimize occupational accidents during the wood cutting process, implementing safety measures is extremely necessary. First, employees need to be thoroughly trained on the operating procedures of the cutting machine, including how to use and maintain the equipment. Knowledge of occupational safety will help them to identify potential risks and how to prevent them effectively. In addition, the use of personal protective equipment such as gloves, safety glasses, and masks is very important to protect themselves from dangers in the work process.

Another important factor is to maintain safe and clean working conditions. The factory floor needs to be kept dry and clean to avoid slipping, and there should be no obstacles in the work area. In addition, regular inspection and maintenance of machinery will help to detect problems early and prevent potential risks before they become accidents.

Finally, promoting a culture of occupational safety in the work environment is also very necessary. This can be achieved through organizing regular meetings to remind and discuss occupational safety. When all employees are aware of the importance of safety at work, the risk of accidents will be significantly reduced, ensuring a safe and efficient production environment.

5. Occupational safety regulations for Wood Cutting

Occupational safety regulations in the wood cutting process are necessary to protect the health and lives of employees. First, all employees must be trained on the operating procedures of the cutting machine, including how to identify risks and handle emergency situations. Before starting work, employees need to inspect the machinery to ensure the equipment is operating stably and has no signs of damage.

In addition, the use of personal protective equipment such as gloves, safety glasses, and safety shoes is mandatory. This equipment helps protect the body from injuries that may occur during work. Employees also need to follow the rule of not working alone in a high-risk area to ensure there is someone to assist in an emergency.

The work area also needs to be arranged neatly, with no obstacles that hinder movement and operation. The regulations on electrical safety cannot be ignored either; employees must ensure that electrical equipment is regularly maintained and not used when there are unusual signs. Finally, all employees need to attend regular occupational safety training sessions to update information and raise awareness of safety at work. These regulations not only contribute to protecting the health of employees but also improve production efficiency in the factory.

6. Handling emergency occupational accidents during Wood Cutting

When an occupational accident occurs during the wood cutting process, handling the emergency situation quickly and effectively is very important to protect the lives and health of workers. First, the employee should immediately stop the operation of the cutting machine and notify the manager or the occupational safety department. This helps to prevent the situation from becoming more serious and protects others in the work area.

If someone is injured, initial first aid should be given immediately. Employees should know how to handle common injuries such as cuts or bruises, and can apply a bandage to stop bleeding if necessary. However, if the injury is serious, such as a fracture or severe injury, calling an ambulance is the top priority. In this situation, the employee should remain calm and not move the victim unless necessary, to avoid making the situation worse.

After handling the emergency situation, investigating the cause of the accident is also very necessary. Detailed reports on the incident will help to identify risk factors and improve occupational safety procedures. In addition, organizing retraining sessions for all employees on how to handle emergency situations will contribute to raising awareness and response skills of everyone, ensuring safety in the work environment.

II. Occupational safety and health for Detail Machining staff

1. Job characteristics of Detail Machining

Detail machining is a crucial step in the billiard table production process, in which details such as ball grooves and assembly holes are machined to ensure the accuracy and compatibility of the final product. In this stage, employees need to use specialized machinery such as drilling machines, lathes, and milling machines to perform cutting, drilling, and shaping of wood according to the specified dimensions and technical specifications.

One of the outstanding features of detail machining is the high demand for accuracy. Details such as ball grooves and assembly holes not only need to have accurate dimensions but also need to be finished with a smooth surface to ensure easy assembly and create stability for the product. This requires a high degree of concentration from the worker, as well as the ability to proficiently operate the machining equipment.

In addition, during the machining process, quality control of the product is also very important. Employees need to regularly measure and compare with the technical drawings to ensure that all parameters meet the requirements. In addition, safety at work also needs to be emphasized, as employees must strictly follow occupational safety regulations to protect themselves from potential risks in the machining process. The combination of accuracy and safety will help the finished product to achieve the highest quality.

2. Types of occupational accidents during Detail Machining

During the detail machining process, occupational accidents can occur due to various reasons, affecting the health and lives of workers. One of the common types of accidents is injury from contact with machining equipment. When operating equipment such as drilling machines or milling machines, if not careful or lacking concentration, workers can get their hands caught or collide with the moving parts of the machine. These accidents not only cause minor injuries but can also lead to serious injuries, and even loss of fingers or a hand.

In addition, accidents can occur due to materials flying out during the machining process. Wood or metal debris can fly out at high speed, causing eye or skin injuries. This is why the use of safety glasses and other personal protective equipment is extremely necessary in this work environment.

In addition, slips and falls can also occur, especially when the factory floor is wet or has obstacles. When moving between work areas, workers can easily fall, leading to leg or back injuries. These accidents not only cause pain but can also disrupt the production process.

Finally, failure to follow occupational safety procedures is also a major cause of accidents during machining. If employees are not fully trained or are not aware of the necessary safety measures, the risk of accidents will increase significantly. Therefore, raising awareness of occupational safety is very necessary to minimize these risks in the work environment.

3. Causes of occupational accidents during Detail Machining

The causes of occupational accidents during the detail machining process often stem from various factors, including human issues, equipment, and the work environment. One of the main causes is the lack of attention or concentration of employees during the operation of machinery. When a worker is not fully focused on the job, the risk of encountering a dangerous situation such as a collision with the equipment or contact with the moving parts of the machine is very high.

In addition, a lack of experience or inadequate training is also a major cause. New employees or those who are not familiar with the machinery may not have a clear understanding of the safety procedures or how to use the equipment correctly, leading to unwanted accidents. This is especially dangerous in a machining environment, where precision is a decisive factor.

In addition, the condition of the machinery and equipment also plays a large role in causing accidents. Equipment that is not regularly maintained or is malfunctioning can operate unstably, increasing the risk of accidents. The lack of personal protective equipment or its improper use is also a potential cause, as the worker is not fully protected from the risks.

Finally, unsafe working conditions, such as a slippery or obstructed floor, can also increase the risk of accidents. A poorly organized work environment can lead to dangerous situations that the worker cannot anticipate. Therefore, identifying and addressing these causes is very necessary to minimize occupational accidents in the detail machining process.

4. Measures to prevent occupational accidents during Detail Machining

To prevent occupational accidents during the detail machining process, raising awareness of safety is paramount. First, all employees need to be fully trained on occupational safety procedures and how to use machinery and equipment correctly. The training courses should be held regularly to ensure that everyone is always updated with the necessary information and skills, thereby raising awareness of safety at work.

In addition to training, the use of personal protective equipment is also a necessary measure to protect workers from potential risks. Employees should always wear safety glasses, gloves, and non-slip shoes when working with machinery, and ensure that all protective equipment meets quality standards.

In addition, regular maintenance and inspection of machinery is also an important factor in minimizing accidents. The equipment needs to be inspected to ensure that it is operating stably and without problems, avoiding dangerous situations during machining.

Finally, the work environment needs to be organized neatly and safely. Materials and tools should be arranged reasonably, helping employees to move and work easily without encountering obstacles. Ensuring a safe work environment not only helps to prevent accidents but also improves work efficiency, creating a positive work space for everyone.

5. Occupational safety regulations for Detail Machining

Occupational safety regulations in the process of detail machining are very important to protect the health and lives of workers. First, all employees must be trained and certified in occupational safety before starting work. This not only ensures that they have a clear understanding of the potential risks but also helps them to master safe work procedures and how to use the equipment effectively.

The regulations also require employees to always use personal protective equipment, including safety glasses, gloves, and masks if necessary, to protect themselves from potential hazards. Furthermore, all machinery and equipment must be regularly inspected to ensure they are operating safely. Damaged or substandard machinery must be repaired immediately before being put into use.

In addition, the regulations also emphasize that the work environment must be clean and tidy. Tools and materials must be arranged neatly to avoid causing accidents due to tripping or collision. Employees should also be encouraged to immediately report any hazardous situations that occur during work.

Finally, regular occupational safety inspections and assessments should be organized to ensure that all employees are complying with the regulations and are committed to implementing safety measures. Maintaining these regulations not only helps to protect workers but also improves production efficiency and product quality.

6. Handling emergency occupational accidents during Detail Machining

In the event of an occupational accident during the detail machining process, timely and effective handling is extremely important to minimize the consequences and protect the lives of employees. The first step is to immediately stop the operation of the relevant machinery to prevent the situation from worsening. The worker needs to determine if anyone is injured, and if so, call for an ambulance immediately to ensure that the victim receives timely medical care.

Next, the supervisor or department head should conduct an inspection of the situation to assess the severity of the accident. They need to collect information from witnesses, record the details of the incident in order to handle and investigate it later. In particular, preserving the accident scene is very necessary so that the authorities can determine the cause and take corrective measures.

In addition, after the incident has been handled, the company needs to hold a meeting to analyze the cause of the accident and draw lessons for all employees. This not only helps to raise awareness of occupational safety but also proposes preventive measures for the future. All employees need to be notified and retrained on the safety procedures to prevent similar accidents from occurring.

Finally, the company should consider updating the occupational safety regulations and guidelines based on the results of the accident investigation, thereby building a safer working environment for everyone.

III. Occupational safety and health for Assembly staff

1. Job characteristics of Assembly

The assembly work in the billiard table production process is a crucial stage that requires high meticulousness and precision. Here, the parts such as the table top, legs, and other details are joined together to form a complete product. Each joint needs to be carefully inspected to ensure its sturdiness and stability, as they not only affect the aesthetic appeal but also the usability of the billiard table.

To enhance the durability of the joints, assembly workers use specialized glue combined with screws. The glue helps to create a strong bond between the parts, while the screws provide additional mechanical support, helping the details not to become loose during use. The choice of suitable glue is very important, as it must have high strength and durability, suitable for the operating conditions of the product.

In addition, assembly also requires good coordination between employees, as this is the stage where many different parts have to be worked on together. The accuracy in each assembly step not only determines the quality of the final product but also affects the safety and experience of the user. Therefore, the assembly team needs to have experience, skills, and a clear work process to achieve the highest efficiency.

2. Types of occupational accidents during Assembly

During the assembly of a billiard table, various types of occupational accidents can occur, affecting the health and safety of employees. One of the common accidents is cuts or collisions with sharp parts of the table, especially during the handling of details such as the table top or legs. Inattention while using hand tools can lead to serious injuries.

In addition, when working with specialized glue, employees may encounter chemical-related accidents, such as skin allergies or inhalation of toxic fumes. This can happen when not using full protective equipment or not working in a well-ventilated environment.

Fall accidents are also common during the assembly process, especially when employees have to move between parts of the assembly line. If the floor is not kept clean or has obstacles, the possibility of tripping will increase. Finally, a lack of accuracy in checking the joints can lead to problems when the billiard table is used, which is dangerous for the players and those around them. From there, awareness and preventive measures for occupational accidents in the assembly process are extremely necessary to ensure the safety of all employees.

3. Causes of occupational accidents during Assembly

Occupational accidents during the assembly of billiard tables often stem from various causes, mainly related to a lack of attention and non-compliance with safety procedures. A major cause is carelessness in using tools and equipment. When employees do not use tools correctly or are not fully trained in safety techniques, the risk of accidents will increase significantly.

In addition, a poorly organized work environment is also a major factor leading to accidents. If the assembly space is cramped or cluttered, employees will easily trip or encounter sharp objects. This is especially dangerous when having to move continuously between different parts of the billiard table.

Furthermore, not using or not having personal protective equipment, such as gloves and safety glasses, can lead to serious injuries when in contact with glue or sharp parts. Finally, a lack of inspection and maintenance of assembly tools can also create unnecessary risks. The combination of these factors increases the likelihood of accidents, so it is necessary to establish effective preventive measures to minimize risks in the assembly environment.

4. Measures to prevent occupational accidents during Assembly

To ensure occupational safety during the billiard table assembly process, it is essential to implement preventive measures. First, it is necessary to ensure that all employees involved in the assembly process are thoroughly trained in occupational safety, from how to use tools to the process of inspecting parts. A full understanding of the safety process will help to minimize unwanted risks and accidents.

The work environment also needs to be organized neatly and cleanly. Maintaining a well-ventilated workspace, free of obstacles, and ensuring that the floor is always dry will reduce the risk of tripping or colliding with sharp objects. In addition, providing adequate personal protective equipment such as gloves, safety glasses, and masks is also necessary to protect the health of employees when in contact with glue and sharp tools.

It is necessary to implement a strict quality control process for the joints after assembly, ensuring that they meet safety standards. Regular inspection and maintenance of assembly tools and equipment also plays an important role in preventing accidents. Finally, encouraging employees to immediately report any incidents or hazardous situations will help to maintain a safe and efficient work environment.

5. Occupational safety regulations for Assembly

Occupational safety regulations in the billiard table assembly process play an essential role in protecting the health and safety of employees. First, all workers must be fully equipped with knowledge of occupational safety through regular training courses. This not only includes a clear understanding of the assembly processes but also the correct use of tools, equipment, and how to handle emergency situations.

When assembling, employees must follow the regulations on personal protective equipment, including wearing gloves, safety glasses, and masks when working with glue or materials that may be harmful. All tools and equipment used in the assembly process must be regularly inspected to ensure safety, avoiding the use of damaged or substandard equipment.

In particular, the joints must be carefully inspected after assembly to ensure that they are strong enough and there is no risk of breaking or loosening during use. Employees must also immediately report any incidents that occur during work to have timely handling measures. By strictly adhering to these occupational safety regulations, the work environment will become safer, while also enhancing the assembly efficiency of billiard table products.

Complete occupational safety training courses at occupational safety training centers to obtain a certificate of occupational safety. From there, workers will have a clear understanding of safety knowledge as well as valid certification for employment.

6. Handling emergency occupational accidents during Assembly

During the assembly of a billiard table, occupational accidents can occur unexpectedly and cause serious consequences. When an emergency situation occurs, the first thing to do is to remain calm and quickly determine the severity of the accident. If someone is injured, it is necessary to call an ambulance immediately and notify the person in charge of occupational safety in the area.

In the case of a minor injury, the employee can self-treat by using the on-site first aid kit to stop bleeding or bandage the wound. However, for more serious cases, such as a fracture or severe injury, the victim should not be moved and professional assistance should be awaited.

At the same time, it is necessary to record the details related to the accident, including the time, location, and factors that may have contributed to the incident, in order to serve the investigation and improve the safety process in the future. After the incident, the company should hold a meeting to analyze the cause and find more effective preventive measures. Regular training on handling emergency situations is also very important, helping employees to be ready to deal with any situation that arises during the assembly process.

IV. Occupational safety and health for Sanding staff

1. Job characteristics of Sanding

Sanding work in the billiard table production process plays an extremely important role, as it determines the surface quality and aesthetic appeal of the product. To perform this stage, the craftsman uses sandpaper or a specialized sanding machine to remove scratches and unevenness on the table surface. Sanding not only helps the surface to become smooth but also creates favorable conditions for the subsequent painting or finishing process.

When sanding, the worker must pay attention to the pressure and sanding angle to avoid damaging the material, while also ensuring that all parts of the surface are treated uniformly. This process requires patience and meticulousness, as a perfect surface not only enhances the value of the product but also ensures the functionality of the billiard table, helping players to have the best experience. Therefore, sanding is a necessary job in the billiard table production process, requiring technique and attention to every detail.

2. Types of occupational accidents during Sanding

During the process of sanding a billiard table surface, occupational accidents can occur in various forms, seriously affecting the health and safety of the worker. One of the most common types of accidents is injury from the sanding machine. When using the machine, if not careful, the worker can get their hand or other parts caught in the machine, leading to serious injuries.

In addition, the wood dust generated from the sanding process can cause respiratory problems. If not using a suitable protective mask, workers can inhale the dust, leading to lung diseases or long-term health problems. In addition, as the job requires the use of cleaning chemicals or paint, the risk of contact with hazardous substances also increases, which can cause allergic reactions or skin damage.

Slips and falls are also a type of accident that cannot be ignored, as liquids or dust on the floor can cause workers to lose their balance. The lack of protective equipment such as non-slip shoes, safety glasses, or gloves also contributes to an increased risk of accidents during the sanding process. Therefore, a clear awareness of these types of occupational accidents is essential to take effective preventive measures.

3. Causes of occupational accidents during Sanding

Occupational accidents during the sanding of a billiard table surface often stem from various causes, most of which are related to a lack of attention and non-compliance with occupational safety regulations. One of the main causes is the improper use of the sanding machine. When a worker is not familiar or not fully trained on how to operate the machine, the risk of injury from collision or hand entrapment in the machine will be high.

In addition, the work environment also plays an important role in causing accidents. Wood dust and chemicals in the air can cause respiratory problems if the worker does not use protective equipment correctly. The lack of ventilation and hygiene in the work area can also create risks of slipping or colliding with other equipment.

Another noteworthy cause is the use or misuse of personal protective equipment. The lack of gloves, safety glasses, or safety shoes can lead to workers being easily injured. Finally, stress and fatigue from working long hours can also cause workers to lose focus, increasing the likelihood of accidents during the sanding process. Therefore, identifying and addressing these causes is very important to ensure occupational safety.

4. Measures to prevent occupational accidents during Sanding

To prevent occupational accidents during the sanding of a billiard table surface, it is essential to implement safety measures. First, workers need to be fully trained on the operating procedures and use of the sanding machine, which helps them to understand the potential risks and how to handle them in case of an incident. This training also includes instructions on the use of personal protective equipment such as gloves, safety glasses, and dust masks.

In addition, it is necessary to ensure a well-ventilated and clean work environment. Maintaining a neat workspace will help to minimize the risk of slipping or colliding with other objects. Workers should also regularly inspect and maintain the sanding equipment to ensure that the machine is operating efficiently and safely.

In addition, implementing a reasonable work schedule, and avoiding having workers work for too long continuously will also help to reduce the risk of accidents due to fatigue. Finally, workers should be encouraged to immediately report any hazardous situations and have emergency response measures to respond quickly when an accident occurs. These measures not only protect the safety of workers but also improve work efficiency in the production process.

Complete the occupational safety training course to be issued a Group 3 Occupational Safety Card by the occupational safety training center to complete your work file as required.

5. Occupational safety regulations for Sanding

During the process of sanding a billiard table surface, compliance with occupational safety regulations is extremely important to protect the health and safety of workers. First, workers must be fully equipped with personal protective equipment such as gloves, safety glasses, and dust masks to minimize the impact of wood dust and sharp objects that can cause injury.

In addition, the regulations on the use of machinery also need to be strictly implemented. The sanding machines need to be regularly inspected to ensure efficient and safe operation, avoiding breakdowns during use. Workers must be clearly instructed on how to use and maintain the machine, and must not skip the inspection steps before operation.

In addition, creating a clean and tidy work environment is also an important regulation. All unnecessary items should be cleaned up to avoid obstructing workers, thereby reducing the risk of slipping or colliding while working. Finally, workers should be encouraged to report any hazardous situations to take timely corrective measures. These regulations not only ensure the safety of workers but also improve labor productivity in the production process.

6. Handling emergency occupational accidents during Sanding

When an occupational accident occurs during the sanding of a billiard table surface, handling the emergency situation is very important to ensure the safety of the victim and their colleagues. First, the worker needs to assess the situation to determine the severity of the injury. If the victim has a serious injury, such as bleeding or a fracture, it is necessary to call an ambulance immediately and not move the victim unless necessary, to avoid making the situation worse.

Next, in the case of an open wound or bleeding, it is necessary to apply first aid measures. It is necessary to use a clean bandage to bandage the wound and try to keep the injured person still until help from medical staff arrives. In addition, if the accident is related to inhaling wood dust or chemicals, it is necessary to quickly take the victim out of the danger zone and provide good ventilation to reduce the effects of harmful agents.

Finally, after handling the situation, the company needs to investigate the cause of the accident to improve the occupational safety process, and organize additional training sessions for workers on how to handle emergency situations, to raise awareness and prepare better for future incidents.

V. Occupational safety and health for Painting or Polishing staff

1. Job characteristics of Painting or Polishing

The work of painting or polishing is a crucial step in the product finishing process, especially in the billiard table manufacturing industry. The main purpose of this process is to create a protective surface layer, which helps to enhance the durability and extend the lifespan of the product. The paint or coating layer not only protects the wood from environmental factors such as moisture and dust, but also enhances the aesthetic appeal by creating a beautiful shine and color.

The painting process begins with surface preparation, including sanding to remove any defects and ensure a smooth finish. Then, the paint or coating will be applied evenly, either by brush, roller, or spray equipment, depending on the type of paint and the size of the product. The drying time and painting process also need to be carefully monitored, as the paint layer needs to be completely dry before applying the next layer. This not only ensures the aesthetic appeal but also helps the paint to adhere better. Finally, finishing the product by polishing also helps to create a glossy surface, which attracts light and brings high aesthetic value to the billiard table, making the product not only durable and beautiful but also outstanding in the space of use.

2. Types of occupational accidents during Painting or Polishing

During the painting or polishing process, workers may encounter various types of occupational accidents that affect their health and safety. One of the common risks is inhaling paint fumes or volatile chemicals, which can cause respiratory problems, headaches, and allergic symptoms. In addition, working with spray painting equipment can lead to accidents if not used correctly, such as being sprayed with paint on the face or body, causing skin or eye damage.

When performing this work, workers are also at risk of slipping and falling due to spilled paint or wet surfaces, leading to serious injuries. In addition, if safety procedures are not followed when handling chemicals, such as not using proper personal protection or not ensuring good ventilation, workers may experience chemical poisoning or burns from direct contact with hot paint or coating. A lack of knowledge about safety procedures can also increase the likelihood of accidents, leading to serious consequences not only for themselves but also for those around them in the work environment.

3. Causes of occupational accidents during Painting or Polishing

Occupational accidents during the painting or polishing process often stem from various causes, most of which are related to non-compliance with safety procedures and a lack of preparation. One of the main causes is that workers do not use adequate personal protective equipment, such as masks, gloves, and safety glasses. This deficiency increases the risk of inhaling toxic fumes from paint or coatings, which is harmful to their health.

In addition, not ensuring adequate ventilation in the work area is also an important factor. If there is no air circulation, hazardous chemicals can easily accumulate, leading to poisoning or respiratory problems.

Furthermore, the use of spray painting equipment without regular inspection or maintenance can also lead to accidents. Damaged equipment can cause uncontrolled spraying, increasing the risk of contact with paint or chemicals.

Finally, a lack of experience and knowledge of the painting process is also a major cause of occupational accidents. Workers need to be thoroughly trained to understand the steps involved as well as measures to prevent accidents. When there is a lack of information and experience, the risk of accidents will increase significantly.

4. Measures to prevent occupational accidents during Painting or Polishing

To prevent occupational accidents during the painting or polishing process, compliance with safety measures is extremely important. First, workers need to be fully equipped with personal protective equipment, including masks, gloves, safety glasses, and full-body protection. This equipment helps to limit contact with hazardous chemicals, protect health, and minimize the risk of poisoning.

Next, ensuring ventilation for the work area is essential. It is advisable to use a ventilation fan or open a window to create air circulation, which helps to remove toxic gases from the paint. Furthermore, choosing paints with low toxic content, such as paints that do not contain VOCs (volatile organic compounds), also contributes to reducing the health risks for workers.

In addition, regular inspection and maintenance of spray painting equipment is very necessary. Ensuring that the equipment is operating effectively will help to minimize the risk of uncontrolled spraying. Finally, training and raising awareness of occupational safety for employees is very important. They need to be equipped with knowledge of safe painting procedures, how to handle emergency situations, and measures to prevent accidents, in order to create a safe and efficient work environment.

5. Occupational safety regulations for Painting or Polishing

When performing painting or polishing work, compliance with occupational safety regulations is very important to protect the health of workers and minimize accidents. First, manufacturing facilities need to establish safe work procedures, including clear instructions on how to use related materials and equipment. All employees must be thoroughly trained on these procedures, especially on how to properly use personal protective equipment such as masks, gloves, and safety glasses.

In addition, the safe management and storage of paint chemicals must also be strictly implemented. All chemicals should be clearly labeled, stored in safe containers, and kept away from heat sources, as well as direct sunlight. In addition, an emergency response plan should be in place to handle situations such as chemical leaks or fires, including identifying escape routes and how to use fire-fighting equipment.

Finally, companies need to conduct regular inspections of occupational safety conditions in the painting process. This not only helps to ensure that the regulations are strictly implemented but also raises awareness of safety for workers, thereby creating a safer and more efficient work environment.

6. Handling emergency occupational accidents during Painting or Polishing

During the painting or polishing process, occupational accidents can occur unexpectedly, requiring workers and management to know how to handle the situation quickly and effectively. When an accident such as a paint or chemical leak occurs, the first step is to quickly stop the source of the leak, while moving workers out of the danger zone. If someone is affected, it is necessary to assess their health condition and take necessary first aid measures, such as washing the skin area in contact with the chemical with soap and water.

In the event of a fire caused by flammable substances, it is necessary to immediately use available fire-fighting equipment and call an ambulance immediately if the fire cannot be controlled. Moving chemical containers away from the fire source is also very important to prevent the situation from worsening. After handling the emergency situation, the company needs to investigate the cause to learn from the experience and adjust the occupational safety process to prevent recurrence. This not only protects the safety of workers but also raises awareness of accident prevention in the work environment.